Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 30, Problem 6TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: A microbiome is an environment in which many species of microbes with their genes are assembled together to benefit the particular organism. Microbiome is not only limited to the human body but it involves many other categories of organisms.
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Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. Mucosal surfaces are better than skin surfaces at supporting colonization by commensal microorganisms.
b. The skin provides a larger surface area than mucosal surfaces for commensal microorganisms.
c. There are ten times as many bacteria residing in the intestinal tract than the number of cells in the human body.
d. It is common for commensal bacteria to live in symbiosis with their human hosts.
e. During gestation in mammals, a fetus does not have any commensal microorganisms on their skin or mucosal surfaces.
which of the following is a result of colonization by mutualistic and commensal microbes? (multiple answers)
a. the human microbiomes
b. the gut microbiota
c. gut dysbiosis
d. enterotypes.
E. A C. difficile infection.
which of the following is not a way that normal microbial prevent growth of competing microbes?
a. production of substances harmful to competitors
b. more efficient utilization of nutrients
c. changing pH of environment
d. all of the above are used by normal microbiota against competitors
e. none of the above are utilized by normal microbiota
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- Which type(s) of microbes could we expect to mind on our skin a. Transient microbiota b. Normal microbiota c. Opportunistic pathogens d. None of the above e. All of the abovearrow_forwardWhen a baby is born, the first exposure to microbiota is through all of the following EXCEPT a. the baby acquires the residential microbiota in the colon after the first meal b. Microbes enter the nose and mouth when the baby is in the birth canal c. Staphylococcus epidermidis is transferred from the hospital staff to the newborn after delivery d. Microorganisms grow in the respiratory tract after the baby's first breath e. Microbes cross the placenta during pregnancyarrow_forwardThe first step for directly linking a microbe to a specific disease according to Koch's postulates is to A.isolate microbes from the blood of healthy animals. B. culture the blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal using nutrient medium. C. inject a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal into a healthy animal. D. obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal.arrow_forward
- According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of disease and the host interact is called the period of: A. Prepathogenesis B. Pathogenesis C. Primogenesis D. B and Carrow_forwardWhen Pathogens destroy Normal flora, it can lead to: a. Large inoculum b. Physical destruction of host cells c. Infection d. All of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following pairs id mismatched? A. Virologist – studies human immunodeficiency virus B. Microbial ecologist – studies bacteria that degrade oil C. Microbial physiologist – studies fermentation of sourdough bread D. Immunologist – studies ecology of Legionella pneumophilia Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Chemotheraphy – treatment of disease B. Pathogen – disease causing C. Vaccine - preparation of microorganisms D. Normal microbiota – harmfularrow_forward
- The term active transmission refers to: a. A person who catches a disease from a bug bite b. A person who catches a disease from contaminated food c. A person who catches a disease from a contaminated object d. A person who coughs in public and passes the disease to those around themarrow_forwardwhich of the following definitions is not technically correct? a. broad spectrum - effective against many different types of microbes b. bacteriostatic - prevents microbes from growing c. antibiotic - microbial or synthetic product that kills or inhibits growth of microbes. d. all of the above are correctarrow_forwardNormal microbiota: A. are only found in the digestive tract. B. protect us from disease by crowding out "bad" invading bacteria. C.are only found on small select parts of our bodies. D.always cause disease when growing on our bodies. E.play no role in our general health.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a noncommunicable infectious disease? O a. infection acquired from the stick of a contaminated needle O b. skin infection acquired from a dog bite O. infection with a respiratory virus O d. food poisoning due to a preformed bacterial toxin in foodarrow_forwardWhen looking across all skin habitats (oily/sebaceous areas, dry areas, and moist areas), actinobacteria dominate the skin microbiome and have the highest relative abundance overall. Which of the following statements help explain this? A.The actinobacteria Corynebacterium species dominate moist skin areas .B. The actinobacteria Propionibacterium/Cutibacterium dominate sebaceous areas. C. Bacteria are more abundant in dry skin areas than sebaceous areas. D. The actinobacteria micrococcus dominate dry skin areas .E. Bacteria are more abundant in moist skin areas than dry areas. F. Bacteria are more abundant in sebaceous skin areas than dry areas.arrow_forwardResident biota is absent from the a. pharynx. b. heart. c. intestine. d. hair follicles.arrow_forward
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