Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 30, Problem 8TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: A microbiome is an environment in which many species of microbes with their genes are assembled together to benefit the particular organism. A microbiome is not only limited to the human body but it is also a part of the animal and plant body.
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which of the following is not a way that normal microbial prevent growth of competing microbes?
a. production of substances harmful to competitors
b. more efficient utilization of nutrients
c. changing pH of environment
d. all of the above are used by normal microbiota against competitors
e. none of the above are utilized by normal microbiota
A bacterium has the following characteristics:∙ It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration∙ It can survive being boiled∙ It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycanWhich of the following characteristics allows this bacterium to adhere to the intestinal lining?
Group of answer choices
A. fimbriae
B. pili
C. an endospore
D. a flagellum
Why are Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections difficult to treat?
A. Because they form biofilms, which are difficult for antibiotics to penetrate.
B. Because they have a special endotoxin that degrades many antibiotics.
C. Because we do not have any antibiotics that target P. aeruginosa.
D. Because they are gram-positive bacteria, which are harder to treat.
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- Which of the following statements correctly describes exotoxins and endotoxins produced by various bacteria? A. endotoxins are secreted into the environment while the bacteria are still alive B. exotoxins are secreted into the environment while the bacteria are still alive C. exotoxins are only released into the environment when the bacteria die and their cell walls break down D. exotoxins are components of the outer membrane of the bacteria that produce themarrow_forwardWhat is/are the usual habitat(s) of endospore-forming bacteria that are agents of disease? a. the intestine of animals c. water b. dust and soil d. foodsarrow_forwardAn infectious dose of several million cells in enteric infections seems like a lot. a. In terms of the size and abundance of microbes, could you see a cluster containing that many cells with the naked eye? b. About how long would it take an average bacterial species to reach the infectious dose of a million cells starting from a single cell? c. Why do enteric diseases require a relatively higher infectious dose than nonenteric diseases? d. Explain why antimicrobic therapy used on gram-negative bacterial infections could actually lead to illness rather than cure itarrow_forward
- Recently, a microbe that is able to digest cellulose was discovered in a hot spring with an average temperature of 95°C. This microbe most likely belongs to which of the following groups? A. Archaea B. Proteobacteria C. Cyanobacteria D. Spirochetesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of microbial biofilms? A. Biofilms are restricted to freshwater environments. B. Biofilms typically are small because resources such as nutrients and oxygen are unable to circulate through them. C. Cells within the biofilm are encased within a layer of polysaccharide. D. Biofilms almost always consist of only a single bacterial speciesarrow_forwardDuring which of the four phases of growth would a gram-positive bacteria be most susceptible to penicillin? A. Death phase B. Log phase C. Stationary phase D. Lag phase E. equally susceptible at all stagesarrow_forward
- Which of the following effects is/are caused by formation of aninfectious biofilm?a. disseminated infection b. failure of drug therapy c. colonization of tissues d. a and b e. b and c f. all of thesearrow_forwardComplete the table: Bacterium Shape of cell Arrangement of cells Other important cell feature Distribution Importance A. Escherichia coli B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Streptococcus pyogenes D. Clostridium botulinum E. Salmonella typhiarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not considered a microorganism?a. alga b. bacterium c. protozoan d. fleaarrow_forward
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