When a baby is born, the first exposure to microbiota is through all of the following EXCEPT a. the baby acquires the residential microbiota in the colon after the first meal   b. Microbes enter the nose and mouth when the baby is in the birth canal   c. Staphylococcus epidermidis is transferred from the hospital staff to the newborn after delivery   d. Microorganisms grow in the respiratory tract after the baby's first breath   e. Microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy

The term active transmission refers to: a. A person who catches a disease from a bug bite  b. A person who catches a disease from contaminated food c. A person who catches a disease from a contaminated object d. A person who coughs in public and passes the disease to those around them

1. A. Define “epidemic”.B. Define “pandemic”. C. Have any pandemics occurred since the 1918 pandemic? If so, name and date them.2. A. Why was the flu pandemic of 1918-19 called the “Spanish flu”?B. Why did some people refer to this flu pandemic as the “swine flu”? 3. Describe how the flu pandemic originated (Where? When? How?).4. A. Which population group was most at risk for becoming infected? Choose one: babies/infants OR kids 2-18 OR 20-40 years OR 40 – 60 years OR older than 60 (elderly)B. Do scientists know why this specific age group was prone to infection and illness? Explain your answer.5. There were 3 “waves” of the flu during 1918-1919. Describe what a pandemic “wave” is and what causes it.6. What is the most likely means by which the Spanish flu was transmitted from one person to another?7. Describe the role that World War I play in the spread of the flu virus and efforts to contain it.8. How did the Spanish flu become a pandemic? Describe 3 ways in which the virus was…

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