Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 2QP
Crossing Pea Plants: Mendel’s Study of Single Traits
Of the following, which are
genotypes?
- a. Aa
- b. tall plants
- c. BB
- d. abnormal cell shape
- e. AaBb
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Solve this problem using the rules of probability instead of Punnet squares, bifurcation forks, or mental visualization.
Flower position, stem length, and seed shape were three of the traits that Mendel studied. Each is controlled by an independently assorting gene and has dominant and recessive expression as follows:
• Axial inflorescence (flowers originate along the stems) is dominant over terminal (flowers on top of the stem).
Long (“tall") stem is dominant over short stem (“dwarf").
• Round seed is dominant over wrinkled.
Let's use the symbols Fa/fa for genes determining axial vs. terminal (fa from "false umbel," a type of inflorescence); Le/le for tall vs. dwarf (le is for length); R/r for round vs. wrinkled seeds (the Latin word
rugosus means wrinkled).
Notice that the phenotype "tall plant" may be conferred by the genotype Lele or Lele; this can be abbreviated as Le-, where the dash represents the alternative allele. The homozygous lele will show the
recessive phenotype. Since…
Mendel examined two distinct flower phenotypes in his pea plants.
Flower color and flower position. The violet color (W) is dominant over the white
color (w), and the axial position (T) is dominant over terminal (t). Predict the F1
ratios of these phenotypes from a parent heterozygous for both traits and the
other parent homozygous recessive for both traits. Show your work.
Flower
color
Flower
position
violet/white
axial/terminal
a. 1 dominant allele will contribute 120/10 = 12 cm to the base height of the plant.b. The height of the parent plant 1
Genotype of the parent plant 1 – D1D1D2D2D3D3d4d4d5d5
The height of the parent plant 2
Genotype of the parent plant 2 – d1d1d2d2d3d3D4D4D5D5Contributing alleles – D4D4D5D5. The height of the plant without any contributing alleles would be 80 cm. The plant with genotype d1d1d2d2d3d3D4D4D5D5 has 4 contributing allele each of which contributes 12 cm to the base. Hence, the height of the plant with genotype d1d1d2d2d3d3D4D4D5D5 would be 80 + 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 128 cm.
c. Parents – D1D1D2D2D3D3d4d4d5d5 × d1d1d2d2d3d3D4D4D5D5
Gametes – D1D2D3d4d5 × d1d2d3D4D5
F1 generation – D1d1D2d2D3d3D4d4D5d5
The height of the plants of F1 generation = 80 + 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 140 cm
Hence,
Genotype of the F1 = D1d1D2d2D3d3D4d4D5d5
Phenotype of…
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.4 - Why do scientists design experiments to disprove...Ch. 3.4 - Should Ockhams razor be considered an irrefutable...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 1EGCh. 3.7 - For most cases, a p value of 0.05 is used to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 3 - Prob. 3CSCh. 3 - Prob. 1QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 4QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Prob. 26QPCh. 3 - Prob. 27QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel A characteristic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel Pea plants usually...Ch. 3 - Prob. 31QPCh. 3 - Prob. 32QPCh. 3 - Prob. 33QPCh. 3 - Prob. 34QPCh. 3 - Prob. 35QPCh. 3 - Prob. 36QP
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- In Mendel’s terminology, a “true-breeding” variety of a particular plant: a. Has a homozygous genotype for that trait b. All of the listed choices are correct c. Will have the same phenotype as the parental plant d. Always has offspring with the same phenotype for that traitarrow_forwardWhich if the following is not among Mendels principles? a. There are factors that is transmitted from parent to offspring? b. There are only two kinds of traits, dominant and recessive c. Genes resides in the chromosome d. Pair of single traits segregate randomlyarrow_forwardMendel’s crossing of round-seeded pea plants with wrinkled-seeded pea plants resulted in progeny that all had round seeds. This indicates that the wrinkled-seed trait is Select one: a. rare b. abnormal c. dominant d. codominant e. recessivearrow_forward
- A. Consider this cross before answering the following questions: A pea plant heterozygous for the first trait and recessive for the second trait is crossed with a pea plant heterozygous for the first trait and homozygous-dominant for the second trait. 1. If there is complete dominance in the expression of the two traits, what is the probability that the F1 progeny will be a. heterozygous for the first trait? b. expressing the dominant feature of the first trait? c. heterozygous for both first and second traits? d. expressing recessive feature of the second trait? e. recessive for both traits 2. It there is incomplete dominance in the expression of the two traits, what is the probability that the F1 progeny will be a. expressing the dominant feature for the second trait? b. expressing the dominant feature for both traits? c. expressing the dominant feature for the first trait and recessive feature for the second? d. expressing recessive feature for the first trait? e.…arrow_forward1. Name two pea plant traits studied by Gregor Mendel. 2. Define genotype. 3. Define phenotype. 4. Why would a pea plant that is heterozygous for plant height have the dominant phenotype? 5. A pea plant with the recessive phenotype for plant height would have which of the following genotypes? 1. TT 2. tt 3. Tt 4. TT or Tt 6. What is the difference between a Mendelian trait and a polygenic trait? 7. Why are females more likely to be carriers for color blindness than to be color blind themselves? 8. Which of the following is a polygenic trait in humans? 1. Hitchhiker's thumb 2. Earlobe attachment 3 Skin colorarrow_forwardUsing Mendel’s lines of peas, describe how you would use a test cross experimental design to determine the genotype of a pea plant with purple flowers. Be very specific in describing your experimental design and how you would interpret your results based on the proportion of offspring phenotypes. Make sure to include all possible offspring phenotypes in your answer and what the proportion of phenotypes tells you about the purple plant genotype.arrow_forward
- A. Consider this cross before answering the following questions:A pea plant heterozygous for the first trait and recessive for the second trait is crossed with a pea plant heterozygous for the first trait and homozygous-dominant for the second trait. 1. It there is incomplete dominance in the expression of the two traits, what is the probability that the F1 progeny will be a. expressing the dominant feature for the second trait?b. expressing the dominant feature for both traits?c. expressing the dominant feature for the first trait and recessive feature for the second?d. expressing recessive feature for the first trait?e. expressing recessive feature for both traits?arrow_forwardI U ... B Work through the Punnett square problems completely on a separate sheet of paper. Take a picture of them and attach it to this form to return the assignment. 1. Mendel studied the colors of flowers in his experiments with pea plants. Purple is dominant over white. Let P stand for purple and p stand for white. Make a Punnett square for a cross between two heterozygous purple plants (Pp) and determine all of the probabilities of all phenotypes and genotypes. Page 1 of 1 234 words English (U.S.) Text Predictions: On 100% + Give Feedback to Micro search DELL F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F12 Home 近arrow_forwarda. State a hypothesis explaining the inheritance of flower color in painted tongues. b. Assign genotypes to the parents, F₁ progeny, and F2 progeny for all five crosses. c. In a cross between true-breeding yellow and true-breeding lavender plants, all of the F1 progeny are bronze. If you used F₁ plants to produce and F2 generation, what phenotypes in what ratios would you expect? Are there any genotypes that might produce a phenotype that you cannot predict from earlier experiments, and if so, how might this alter the phenotypic ratios among the F2 progeny?arrow_forward
- Suppose a woman who is a carrier (XNXN)marries a man who is colorblind (XnY). Is there any chance that they will have a male child with a normal color vision? What are the possible phenotypes? 大 A. No chance, 2 female carrier and 2 males colorblind B. Yes, 1 female carrier, 1 female color blind, 1 male with normal color vision and 1 male colorblind C. Yes, 1 female colorblind and 2 males with normal vision and 1 male colorblind D. Yes, 2 males with normal color vision and 2 females carrierarrow_forwardIn pea plants, the allele for round seeds (R) is dominant and the allele for wrinkled seeds (r) is recessive. Under what conditions would we observe wrinkled seeds in a pea plant?A. When the plant has a genotype RRB. When the plant inherits a dominant allele from both parentsC. When the plant inherits a recessive allele from both parentsD. When a plant has a heterozygous allelic pair of the gene for seed shapearrow_forwardQuestions a to e are answerable by yes or no. Indicate the possible parental genotypes if your answer is yes.a. Can a man with hairy ears have a hairy-eared daughter?b. Can two normal parents produce a colorblind son?c. Can two normal parents produce a colorblind daughter?d. Can a colorblind woman have a normal son?e. Can a bald man have a nonbald daughter?arrow_forward
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