Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 3, Problem 2FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The subunits of proteins are held together by the help of bonds called amino acids. The bonds within the atoms are also held by hydrogen bonds. The amino acid cysteine has sulfur-containing R group which forms covalent disulfide bonds.
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Protein structure is directly related to function. Which of the following statements is true regarding this concept ?
Polypeptide backbone
-CH2 – CH, – CH2- CH2- NH3 0-c- CH -
CH2
lonic bond
Hydrogen !
bond
C- NH2
Disulfide
linkage
CH
CH2
HạC
CH3
CH3
H3C
CH
-CH2
Hydrophobic
interactions
A. The primary structure consists of the DNA sequence. The secondary and tertiary structures are dependent on interactions between the DNA and RNA polymerase. Mutations resulting in changes one or
more bases has the potential to destroy the structure, and therefore the function, of the protein.
B. The primary structure consists of the amino acid sequence. The secondary and tertiary structures are dependent on interactions between the amino acid side chains. Mutations resulting in changes one or more
amino acids has the potential to destroy the structure, and therefore the function, of the protein.
C. The primary structure consists of the DNA sequence. The secondary structure consists of the amino acid…
Which statement about quaternary structure is TRUE?
Quaternary structure is unaffected by acids or heat.
Quaternary structure is determined by the same interaction that holds an α-helix together.
Quaternary structure is how prosthetic groups are held in a protein.
Quaternary structure is the position of subunits in the overall structure of a protein.
All proteins have quaternary structure
The dihedral or torsion angles of polypeptide backbone, the allowed values of which are summarized by the Ramachandran diagram, refer to rotation of the following pair of bonds.
Cα-N and Cα-R
C=O and Cα-N
C-N and Cα-C
Cα-C and Cα-N
Cα-R and Cα-C
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 3.1 - which of these is/are polar molecules? (you may...Ch. 3.1 - define organic molecules and explain why carbon is...Ch. 3.1 - explain why functional groups are important in...Ch. 3.1 - name and describe the properties of seven...Ch. 3.2 - define organic molecules and explain why carbon is...Ch. 3.3 - Describe hydrolysis of this molecule.Ch. 3.3 - describe the major types of carbohydrates?Ch. 3.3 - provide examples of each type of carbohydrate and...Ch. 3.4 - Look up the rest of the amino acids and. based on...Ch. 3.4 - Infectious prions such as those that cause mad cow...
Ch. 3.4 - Why do many proteins, when heated excessively....Ch. 3.4 - Why a Perm Is (Temporarily) Permanent?Ch. 3.4 - describe protein subunits and how proteins are...Ch. 3.4 - explain the four levels of protein structure and...Ch. 3.4 - list several functions of proteins and provide...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 3.5 - describe the general structure of nucleotides?Ch. 3.5 - list three different functions of nucleotides?Ch. 3.5 - explain how nucleic acids are synthesized?Ch. 3.5 - give two examples of nucleic acids and their...Ch. 3.5 - Puzzling Proteins All cells use DNA as a blueprint...Ch. 3.6 - What kind of reaction breaks this molecule apart?Ch. 3.6 - An obese 55-year-old woman consults her physician...Ch. 3.6 - Why are steroid hormones able to diffuse through...Ch. 3.6 - compare and contrast the structure and synthesis...Ch. 3.6 - describe the functions of fats, oils, and waxes?Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1CTCh. 3 - Polar molecules a. dissolve in lipids. b. are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 3 - Which of the following is not composed of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5MCCh. 3 - In organic molecules made of chains of subunits,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 3 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 3 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 3 - Fill in the following with the appropriate type of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1RQCh. 3 - List the four principal classes of biological...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3RQCh. 3 - Prob. 4RQCh. 3 - Prob. 5RQCh. 3 - Describe the synthesis of a protein from amino...Ch. 3 - Where in nature do we find cellulose? Where do we...Ch. 3 - Based on their structure, sketch and explain how...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2ACCh. 3 - Prob. 3AC
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- Which of the following levels of protein structure may be affected by hydrogen bonding? (a) primary and secondary (b) primary and tertiary (c) secondary, tertiary, and quaternary (d) primary, secondary, and tertiary (e) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternaryarrow_forwardFill in the following with the specific bond(s): Maintain(s)the helical structure of many proteins____________: ;link(s) polypeptide chains and can cause proteins tobend:_______ and________ ; join(s) the twostrands of the double helix of DNA:_________ ; link(s) amino acids to form the primary structure of proteins:_______.arrow_forwardSelect the true statements about protein secondary structure. In an a-helix, the side chains are located on the outside of the helix. The secondary level of protein structure refers to the spatial arrangements of short segments of the protein. In a B-pleated sheet, the side chains are located between adjacent segments. Peptide bonds stabilize secondary structure. The x-helix is held together by hydrogen bonds between the amide N-H and C=O groups. Incorrectarrow_forward
- A peptide bond is to _____ as a glycosidic bond is to ____________.arrow_forwardarrange the following lipids in order of decreasing polarity: cholesterol, triglyceride, estradiol, fatty acid, phosphatidyl cholinearrow_forwardfill the following table polymer or large biological molecule monomer or smaller subunit one funtion name od covalent bond nulceic acids three fatty acids easter bond acts as an enzyme immediate or long-term energy source glycosidic linkagearrow_forward
- In the following diagram of a portion of a protein, label the types of interactions that are shown. What level of protein structure are these interactions producing? ____________________arrow_forwardThe enzyme caspase-14 is manufactured by skin cells. Caspase-14 functions in the cytoplasm to make outer skin cells firm. When the amino acid chain of caspase-14 is folded, it makes an beta-pleated sheet. This describes which level of protein structure? Question 9 options: Primary structure Secondary structure Tertiary structure Quaternary structurearrow_forwardExercise A: Amino Acid Functional Groups Figure 1 below shows one of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins. Recall that carbon can form four covalent bonds. Amino acids consist of a central carbon, called the a-carbon, that is bonded to four different chemical groups. H + CH2 OH Figure 1. Structure of an amino acid Answer the below questions in your own document. • On the amino acid shown in Figure 1, label the a-carbon. • The a-carbon of each of the 20 amino acids is bonded to one hydrogen atom, one amino group, one carboxyl group, and one R group (more on that below). You should recognize the amino and carboxyl groups from our discussion of functional groups in organic molecules. Circle and label* the amino group and the carboxyl group in Figure 1. *Note: our goal in this question, and in similar questions throughout this lab, is for you to be able to identify specific structures. You can do this circling/labeling in whatever way is easiest for you. You might want to draw the…arrow_forward
- A linear tripeptide has— 3 amino acids and 1 peptide bond. 3 amino acids and 2 peptide bonds. 3 amino acids and 3 peptide bonds. 3 amino acids and 4 peptide bonds. 3 amino acids and 5 peptide bonds.arrow_forwardDetermine whether the following statements describing protein structures is correct or incorrect. CORRECT INCORRECT Proteins in a primary structure consist of a simple polypeptide chain. Interactions between the R groups in amino acids form tertiary structure. Secondary structures are formed by multiple polypeptide chains The two types of secondary structures are the alpha and beta pleated sheetsarrow_forwardThe disulfide bonds that make up the tertiary structure of proteins are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. Select one: True Falsearrow_forward
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