Sustainable Energy
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781337551663
Author: DUNLAP, Richard A.
Publisher: Cengage,
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Chapter 3, Problem 16P
To determine
Calculate the person’s average power consumption.
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Problem 3. A nuclear-power station produces 750 MW per year as useful energy.
costs include 150 MW lost in distribution, and 290 MW lost as heat. What is the efficiency of
the plant?
The
energy
During a camping trip, you see a 30-cm-diameter plastic pipe carrying water
from a high reservoir to a stream in the valley. The difference in height
between the reservoir's free surface and the stream is 70 meters. You come
up with the concept of using this water to generate electricity. Create a power
plant that gets the greatest electricity out of this resource. Also, look at the
impact of electricity production on water discharge rates. What discharge rate
produces the most power?
An average American consumes approximately 105 kJ of energy per day. The average life expectancy of an American is 77.9 years.
How much coal would need to be burned to provide enough energy to meet a person's energy demands if the efficiency of energy production from coal is 38%?
☐g coal
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- Consider a 400-MW, 32 percent efficient coal-fired power plant that uses cooling water withdrawn from a nearby river (with an upstream flow of 10-m3/s and temperature 20 °C) to take care of waste heat. The heat content of the coal is 8,000 Btu/lb, the carbon content is 60% by mass, and the sulfur content is 2% by mass. How much electricity (in kWh/yr) would the plant produce each year? How many pounds per hour of coal would need to be burned at the plant? Estimate the annual carbon emissions from the plant (in metric tons C/year). If the cooling water is only allowed to rise in temperature by 10 °C, what flow rate (in m3/s) from the stream would be required? What would be the river temperature if all the waste heat was transferred to the river water assuming no heat losses during transfer? Estimate the hourly SO2 emissions (in kg/h) from the plant assuming that all the sulfur is oxidized to SO2 during combustion.arrow_forwardProblem 10 A homeowner is trying to decide between a high-efficiency natural gas furnace with an efficiency of 95 percent and a ground-source heat pump with a COP of 3.3. The unit costs of electricity and natural gas are $0.112/kWh and $1.44/therm (1 therm = 105, 500 kJ). Determine which system will have a lower energy cost.arrow_forwardThe levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for coal-fired electricity is about $0.09/kWh. Suppose the capital cost of the plant is $600 million and it operates for 40 years with a capacity factor of 95%. What is the contribution of CAPEX to LCOE? Given the difference you (hopefully) find, what contributes the remaining costs?arrow_forward
- In 2016, about 30 million tons of combustible municipal solid waste (MSW) was generated in the United States. One ton of MSW burned in waste-to-energy plants in the United States, generated about 474 kWh of electricity. If the average annual electricity consumption for a U.S. residential utility customer was 10,399 kilowatthours (kWh). How many households could use this amount of electricity?arrow_forwardA 1000 MW coal fired power plant (30% efficiency). The coal is 75% carbon and has a heat content of 10, 000 BTU/lb. What is the carbon emission (ton carbon per year)?A 1000 MW natural gas plant (45% efficiency). The gas is CH4 with a heat content 800 BTU/mol. What is the carbon emission (ton carbon per year)?Calculate carbon emission reduction if the above natural gas plant is used to replace the coal fired plant.(Here ton is metric ton, 1 ton=2,200 lb)arrow_forwardWhen 1 cu ft of natural gas is burned, 1,050 Btu of heat are produced. In oneday, a building uses 761,250 Btu of heat. How many cubic feet of gas areburned?arrow_forward
- Q5. Hydropower generation is responsible for a large percentage of power generation world- wide.arrow_forwardA petroleum refinery processes 100,000 barrels of crude oil per day and operates with an energy efficiency of 90%. The oil and the petroleum products have enrgy contents of 35 MJ/L. What are the energy and fuel volume flows to and from this refinery, in J/day? ( One barrel of oil is 159 liters).arrow_forwardA diesel engine required 9,800 kJ of heat to produce 1,800 kJ of power. What is its efficiency?arrow_forward
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