Sustainable Energy
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781337551663
Author: DUNLAP, Richard A.
Publisher: Cengage,
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Question
Chapter 3, Problem 17P
(a)
To determine
Calculate the cost of energy from gasoline and from electricity from the public utility and compare it.
(b)
To determine
Calculate the transportation costs for gasoline and electric vehicles.
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1) Heating the water in a 55-gallon water heater requires about 2.0 x 103 kJ of energy.
a) Assume the energy came from natural gas with 80% efficiency; how many grams of natural gas are required?
b) Assume the energy came from electricity with 80% efficiency and that the electricity was produced from the combustion of coal with 30% efficiency; how many grams of coal are required?
For problem above, calculate how much CO2 in grams is emitted to the atmosphere.
For a: Use the balanced equation for the combustion of methane (CH4) to determine how many grams of CO2are produced from the amount of natural gas required.
For b: Assume that coal produces 5.25 kJ of energy per gram of CO2 produced. Calculate how much CO2 in grams is produced.
Replacing incandescent lights with energy-efficient fluorescent lights can reduce the lighting energy consumption to one-fourth of what it was before. The energy consumed by the lamps is eventually converted to heat, and thus switching to energy-efficient lighting also reduces the cooling load in summer but increases the heating load in winter. Consider a building that is heated by a natural gas furnace with an efficiency of 80 percent and cooled by an air conditioner with a COP of 3.5. If electricity costs $0.12/kWh and natural gas costs $1.40/therm (1 therm = 105,500 kJ), determine if efficient lighting will increase or decrease the total energy cost of the building (a) in summer and (b) in winter.
Question:
Two electric motors are being economically evaluated for the use in
unmanned vehicle. Each is capable of delivering 90 horsepower to a
necessary application that the vehicle performs. Data for the mutually
exclusive motors as follows:
Motor X
Motor Y
$2,500
0.76
$3,200
Initial investment
Electricity efficiency
Annual maintenance
Useful life (years)
0.91
$450
$600
12
12
If the expected usage of the motor is 700 hours per year, what would the cost
of electric power have to be (in $ per kWh) before the Motor Y is favored over
the Motor X? Use i =10% per year. (1 horsepower = 0.746 kilowatts)
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- ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING a). Explain the harmful or beneficial effects of Ground Level Ozone and Stratospheric Ozone. b). Describe the photochemical reaction for the formation of Ozone. Then, explain how CFC as a base atmospheric pollutant can cause the catalytic destruction of Ozone and the subsequent stabilization of chlorine. c). Compare the Traction Battery in a conventional Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) with the batteries in a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and then explain the possible emissions shift that may arise from PHEV use. d). Explain three applicable methods of Particulate Control using gas-cleaning devices.arrow_forwardAn air-conditioning unit has a cooling capacity of two tons. If the unit has a rated energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 11, how much electrical energy is consumed by the unit in 1 h? If a power company charges 14 cents per kWh usage, how much would it cost to run the air-conditioning unit for a month (31 days), assuming the unit runs 8 h a day? What is the coefficient of performance (COP) for the given air-conditioning unit?arrow_forwardThe Energy Efficiency Rating (EER) of an air-conditioning unit is defined asthe ratio of the heat removed in Btu/h divided by the energy used in watts.The EEI (Edison Electric Institute) names an air-conditioning unit as anEnergy Star unit if it has an EER of 13 or greater. A 21⁄2-ton air-conditioningunit uses 2.41 kilowatts (2,410 watts) of energy. One ton is equivalent to12,000 Btu/h. Can this unit be termed an Energy Star unit?arrow_forward
- Most car owners drive their cars an average of 12,000 kilometers a year. Assuming a 10 km/L gas consumption rate, determine the amount of fuel consumed by 150 million car owners on the following time bases:a. average daily basisb. average weekly basisc. average monthly basisd. average yearly basise. over a period of ten yearsExpress your results in gallons and liters.arrow_forward4. The human heart pumps the average adult's 6.0 liters (6000 cm3) of blood through the body every minute. The heart must do work to overcome frictional forces that resist blood flow. The average blood pressure is 1.3x104 N/m² a) How much work does the heart do to move the 6.0 liters of blood completely through the body? b) What power output must the have to do this task once a minute? Hint: When the heart contracts, it applies a force to the blood. Pressure is force/area. Model the circulatory system as a single closed tube, with crosssectional area A and volume V=6.0 liters, filled with blood to which the heart applies a force.arrow_forwardEach month the Speedy Dry Cleaning Company buys 1 barrel (0.160 m3) of dry cleaning fluid. Ninety percent of the fluid is lost to the atmosphere and 10 percent remains as residue to be disposed of. The density of the dry cleaning fluid is 1.5940 g/mL. Draw a mass balance diagram and estimate the monthly mass emission rate to the atmosphere in kg/moarrow_forward
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