Fundamentals of Biostatistics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305268920
Author: Bernard Rosner
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 129P
To determine
Find the overall 1-year cumulative incidence among Caucasian women ages 50–74 for the time period 2001–2006.
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2.62 For the period 2001–2008, the Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Inc. reported the following amounts (in billions of dollars) for (1) net sales and (2) advertising and product promotion. The data are also in the file XR02062.
Source: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Annual Reports, 2005, 2008.
Year Net Sales Advertising/Promotion
2001 $16.612 $1.201
2002 16.208 1.143
2003 18.653 1.416
2004 19.380 1.411
2005 19.207 1.476
2006 16.208 1.304
2007 18.193 1.415
2008 20.597 1.550
For these data, construct a line graph that shows both net sales and expenditures for advertising/product promotion over time. Some would suggest that increases in advertising should be accompanied by increases in sales. Does your line graph support this?
(a) For United States, provide data for the variables below over the years 1993 –2007:(i) Net migration rate (per 1,000 population)(ii) Total fertility rate (live births per woman)(iii)Unemployment, general level (Thousands)(iv) Wages(v) Life expectancy at birth for both sexes combined (years)Data can be obtained from the UN database http://data.un.org/Explorer.aspxUsing R-Studio, estimate a regression equation to determine the effect of unemployment,general level, wages and life expectancy at birth for both sexes on the net migration rate.(All codes and regression output should be provided).(i) Write down the regression equation. (ii) Interpret the coefficients and determine which of the individual coefficients in theregression model are statistically significant. In responding, construct and test anyappropriate hypothesis. (iii) Interpret the coefficient of determination.
(a) For United States, provide data for the variables below over the years 1993 – 2007:
(i) Net migration rate (per 1,000 population)
(ii) Total fertility rate (live births per woman)
(iii)Unemployment, general level (Thousands)
(iv) Wages
(v) Life expectancy at birth for both sexes combined (years)
Data can be obtained from the UN database http://data.un.org/Explorer.aspx
Using R-Studio, estimate a regression equation to determine the effect of unemployment, general level, wages and life expectancy at birth for both sexes on the net migration rate. (All codes and regression output should be provided).(b) Using R-Studio redo the regression analysis with the total fertility rate as an additionalindependent variable. (All codes and regression output should be provided).(i) Write down the regression equation. (ii) Use the 5% level of significance, determine and discuss whether the total fertilityrate has a significant impact on the net migration rate in your assigned country.…
Chapter 3 Solutions
Fundamentals of Biostatistics
Ch. 3.6 - What is the frequency definition of probability?Ch. 3.6 - What is the difference between independent and...Ch. 3.6 - What are mutually exclusive events?Ch. 3.6 - What is the addition law of probability?Ch. 3.6 - What is conditional probability? How does it...Ch. 3.6 - What is relative risk? How do you interpret it?Ch. 3.6 - Prob. B.1RECh. 3.6 - Suppose the rate of type II diabetes mellitus (DM)...Ch. 3.7 - What is the sensitivity and specificity of a...Ch. 3.7 - What are the PV+ and PV of a screening test? How...
Ch. 3.7 - Prob. C.3RECh. 3.7 - What is Bayes rule? How is it used?Ch. 3.7 - Prob. D.2RECh. 3.7 - Prob. D.3RECh. 3.7 - Prob. D.4RECh. 3.10 - Suppose that of 25 students in a class, 5 are...Ch. 3.10 - Suppose 50 HIV-positive men are identified, 5 of...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11PCh. 3 - Suppose an influenza epidemic strikes a city. In...Ch. 3 - Suppose there is a 20% chance each child will get...Ch. 3 - Suppose there is a 20% chance each child will get...Ch. 3 - Suppose there is a 20% chance each child will get...Ch. 3 - Mental Health Estimates of the prevalence of...Ch. 3 - Mental Health Estimates of the prevalence of...Ch. 3 - Mental Health Estimates of the prevalence of...Ch. 3 - Mental Health Estimates of the prevalence of...Ch. 3 - Estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimers disease...Ch. 3 - Estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimers disease...Ch. 3 - Estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimers disease...Ch. 3 - Estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimers disease...Ch. 3 - Estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimers disease...Ch. 3 - Estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimers disease...Ch. 3 - Suppose a study of Alzheimers disease is proposed...Ch. 3 - Suppose a study of Alzheimers disease is proposed...Ch. 3 - Commonly used vaccines for influenza are trivalent...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29PCh. 3 - Prob. 30PCh. 3 - Prob. 31PCh. 3 - Genetics Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Genetics Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Genetics Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 35PCh. 3 - Prob. 36PCh. 3 - Suppose that a disease is inherited via an...Ch. 3 - Suppose that a disease is inherited via an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 39PCh. 3 - Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 44PCh. 3 - Prob. 45PCh. 3 - Prob. 46PCh. 3 - Prob. 47PCh. 3 - Prob. 48PCh. 3 - Prob. 49PCh. 3 - Obstetrics The following data are derived from the...Ch. 3 - Obstetrics The following data are derived from the...Ch. 3 - Obstetrics The following data are derived from the...Ch. 3 - Pulmonary Disease The familial aggregation of...Ch. 3 - Pulmonary Disease The familial aggregation of...Ch. 3 - Suppose, alternatively, that if the father is a...Ch. 3 - Suppose, alternatively, that if the father is a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 57PCh. 3 - The familial aggregation of respiratory disease is...Ch. 3 - The familial aggregation of respiratory disease is...Ch. 3 - The familial aggregation of respiratory disease is...Ch. 3 - The familial aggregation of respiratory disease is...Ch. 3 - Pulmonary Disease The familial aggregation of...Ch. 3 - Pulmonary Disease The familial aggregation of...Ch. 3 - Genetics, Obstetrics Precise quantification of...Ch. 3 - Precise quantification of smoking during pregnancy...Ch. 3 - Precise quantification of smoking during pregnancy...Ch. 3 - What is another name for this quantity? Suppose it...Ch. 3 - Research into cigarette-smoking habits, smoking...Ch. 3 - Research into cigarette-smoking habits, smoking...Ch. 3 - Research into cigarette-smoking habits, smoking...Ch. 3 - Research into cigarette-smoking habits, smoking...Ch. 3 - Research into cigarette-smoking habits, smoking...Ch. 3 - Research into cigarette-smoking habits, smoking...Ch. 3 - Pulmonary Disease Research into cigarette-smoking...Ch. 3 - Pulmonary Disease Research into cigarette-smoking...Ch. 3 - Laboratory measures of cardiovascular reactivity...Ch. 3 - Laboratory measures of cardiovascular reactivity...Ch. 3 - Laboratory measures of cardiovascular reactivity...Ch. 3 - The data set in Table 3.12 is based on 214...Ch. 3 - The data set in Table 3.12 is based on 214...Ch. 3 - The data set in Table 3.12 is based on 214...Ch. 3 - A drug company is developing a new pregnancy-test...Ch. 3 - A drug company is developing a new pregnancy-test...Ch. 3 - A drug company is developing a new pregnancy-test...Ch. 3 - Gynecology A drug company is developing a new...Ch. 3 - The Chinese Mini-Mental Status Test (CMMS)...Ch. 3 - The Chinese Mini-Mental Status Test (CMMS)...Ch. 3 - Mental Health The Chinese Mini-Mental Status Test...Ch. 3 - Construct an ROC curve based on the table...Ch. 3 - Mental Health The Chinese Mini-Mental Status Test...Ch. 3 - Calculate the area under the ROC curve. Interpret...Ch. 3 - Demography A study based on data collected from...Ch. 3 - Prob. 94PCh. 3 - Demography A study based on data collected from...Ch. 3 - Demography A study based on data collected from...Ch. 3 - Prob. 97PCh. 3 - The 4 allele of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E...Ch. 3 - Mental Health The 4 allele of the gene encoding...Ch. 3 - Mental Health The 4 allele of the gene encoding...Ch. 3 - Cardiovascular Disease A fascinating subject of...Ch. 3 - Cardiovascular Disease A fascinating subject of...Ch. 3 - Are these proportions prevalence rates, incidence...Ch. 3 - Prob. 104PCh. 3 - A dominantly inherited genetic disease is...Ch. 3 - A dominantly inherited genetic disease is...Ch. 3 - Prob. 107PCh. 3 - Infectious Disease, Cardiovascular Disease A...Ch. 3 - Infectious Disease, Cardiovascular Disease A...Ch. 3 - Infectious Disease, Cardiovascular Disease A...Ch. 3 - Prob. 114PCh. 3 - Genetics Suppose a birth defect has a recessive...Ch. 3 - A further study finds that after 10 generations...Ch. 3 - A further study finds that after 10 generations...Ch. 3 - Orthopedics Piriformis syndrome is a pelvic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 119PCh. 3 - Orthopedics Piriformis syndrome is a pelvic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 121PCh. 3 - Cancer Breast cancer is considered largely a...Ch. 3 - Cancer Breast cancer is considered largely a...Ch. 3 - Cancer Breast cancer is considered largely a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 125PCh. 3 - Cardiovascular Disease Mayo Clinic investigators...Ch. 3 - Prob. 127PCh. 3 - Prob. 128PCh. 3 - Prob. 129PCh. 3 - Prob. 130PCh. 3 - Prob. 131PCh. 3 - Prob. 132PCh. 3 - Radiology Mobile displays have the potential to...Ch. 3 - Radiology Mobile displays have the potential to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 135PCh. 3 - Prob. 136PCh. 3 - Prob. 137PCh. 3 - Cardiovascular Disease The ankle-arm...Ch. 3 - Cardiovascular Disease The ankle-arm...Ch. 3 - Cardiovascular Disease The ankle-arm...Ch. 3 - Prob. 141PCh. 3 - Prob. 142PCh. 3 - Prob. 143PCh. 3 - Obstetrics, Health Promotion A study was performed...
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- (a) For United States, provide data for the variables below over the years 1993 – 2007: (i) Net migration rate (per 1,000 population) (ii) Total fertility rate (live births per woman) (iii)Unemployment, general level (Thousands) (iv) Wages (v) Life expectancy at birth for both sexes combined (years) Data can be obtained from the UN database http://data.un.org/Explorer.aspx Using R-Studio, estimate a regression equation to determine the effect of unemployment, general level, wages and life expectancy at birth for both sexes on the net migration rate. (All codes and regression output should be provided). (iv) Using the 10% level of significance, determine and discuss whether the overall regression equation is statistically significant. In responding, construct and test any appropriate hypothesis. (v) Determine and interpret the confidence interval for the independent variable(s).arrow_forwardUsing the data in Table 6–11, calculate a 3-month moving average forecast for month 12.arrow_forwardBecause of high tuition costs at state and private universities, enrollments atcommunity colleges have increased dramatically in recent years. The following data show theenrollment (in thousands) for Jefferson Community College from 2001–2009:Year Period (t) Enrollment (1000s)2001 1 6.52002 2 8.12003 3 8.42004 4 10.22005 5 12.52006 6 13.32007 7 13.72008 8 17.22009 9 18.1Compute F10: the Forecast for 2010. Compute Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient Use the Method of Least Squares to obtain the Best-Fit-Line for this data. Use the line to compute the forecast.arrow_forward
- The body mass index (BMI) of a person is the person’s weight divided by the square of his or her height. It is an indirect measure of the person’s body fat and an indicator of obesity. Results from surveys conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that the estimated mean BMI for US adults increased from 25.0 in the 1960–1962 period to 28.1 in the 1999–2002 period. [Source: Ogden, C., et al. (2004). Mean body weight, height, and body mass index, United States 1960–2002. Suppose you are a health researcher. You conduct a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean BMI of US adults in the current year is greater than the mean BMI of US adults in 2000. Assume that the mean BMI of US adults in 2000 was 28.1 (the population mean). You obtain a sample of BMI measurements of 1,034 US adults, which yields a sample mean of M = 28.9. Let μ denote the mean BMI of US adults in the current year. Please Formulate the null and alternative hypothesesarrow_forwardUsing the data in Table 6–11, calculate a 3-month moving average forecastfor month 12.arrow_forwardQ. Table provided gives data on gross domestic product (GDP) for the United States for the years 1959–2005. a. Plot the GDP data in current and constant (i.e., 2000) dollars against time. b. Letting Y denote GDP and X time (measured chronologically starting with 1 for 1959, 2 for 1960, through 47 for 2005), see if the following model fits the GDP data: Yt = β1 + β2 Xt + ut Estimate this model for both current and constant-dollar GDP. c. How would you interpret β2? d. If there is a difference between β2 estimated for current-dollar GDP and that estimated for constant-dollar GDP, what explains the difference? e. From your results what can you say about the nature of inflation in the United States over the sample period?arrow_forward
- The revenue for Google for the years 2010–2014 is shown in the following table (Wallstreet Journal, August 2014). Deflate the revenue in dollars based on the CPI (1982–1984base period). Comment on the company’s revenue in deflated dollars. Year Revenue ($ billions) CPI2010 29.3 218.12011 37.9 224.92012 50.2 229.62013 59.8 233.02014 66.7 236.7arrow_forwardThe file P02_26.xlsx lists sales (in millions of dollars) of Dell Computer during the period 1987–1997 (where year 1 corresponds to 1987). Year Sales 1 69 2 159 3 258 4 389 5 546 6 890 7 2014 8 2873 9 3475 10 5296 11 7759 a. Fit a power and an exponential trend curve to these data. Which fits the data better? b. Use your part a answer to predict 1999 sales for Dell. c. Use your part a answer to describe how the sales of Dell have grown from year to year.arrow_forwardTable 3.5 provides the number of deaths from all causes and from accidents (unintentional injuries) by age group in the United States in 2002. Review the following rates. Determine what to call each one, then calculate it using the data provided in Table. 1. Unintentional-injury-specific mortality rate for the entire population. Calculate cause-specific mortality rate. 2. All-cause mortality rate for 25–34 years old. Calculate the age-specific mortality rate. 3. All-cause mortality among males. Calculate the sex-specific mortality rate. 4.Unintentional-injury specific mortality among 25 to 34 years old males. Calculate the is a cause-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific mortality ratearrow_forward
- Using the countries assigned in Question 1, collect data on the quarterly (not seasonallyadjusted) consumer price index rate for 2001 – 2020.Provided in screenshots Year Quarter CPI rate Seasonal Index Period De-seasonalized CPI rate (i) Compute the CMAs for the four quarters of 2002 and 2003 manually (Show ALLworkings). (ii) Use EXCEL to complete the calculation of the CMAs and the seasonal indices for2001 - 2020. Provide a table with the de-seasonalized input variables. iii)Using R-Studio, estimate a regression equation to determine the effect of time(period) on the De-Seasonalized CPI rate. Write down the forecast equation. (Allcodes and regression output should be provided).first two pictures are screenshots but the last section is pasted here 2018-04-01 1.0330755668451100 2018-07-01 0.3272675677575110 2018-10-01 -0.0574947362577725 2019-01-01 0.3351160342574930 2019-04-01 1.1985132267461000 2019-07-01 0.2741660078433930…arrow_forwardTHE FOLLOWING FIGURE IS USED TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION. The percentage of deaths due to pneumonia, Influenza, and COVID-19: Figure 1 NCHS Mortality Reporting System: Pneumonia, Influenza, and COVID-19 Mortality of Deaths Due to Poeumonia, influents, and COVID-19 * * 12 30 40 NCHS Mortality Reporting System: Pneumonia, Influenza, and COVID-19 Mortality Data through the week ending April 11, 2020, as of April 16, 2020 50 Tidenk Threshold Seasonal Baseline 2018 10 20 50 -% of Deaths due to Pneumoni, Influenx or COVID-19 30 MMWK Week was higher than expected for the majority of 2018 and 2019. W in week 10 of 2020 was roughly 3X greater than expected. O on average met the level of epidemic in week 20 of 2019 O is highest mid-year and lowest at the end of each year.arrow_forward. e-Filing Tax Returns The Internal Revenue ServiceRestructuring and Reform Act (RRA) was signed intolaw by President Bill Clinton in 1998. A major objective ofthe RRA was to promote electronic filing of tax returns.The data in the table that follows show the percentage ofindividual income tax returns filed electronically for filingyears 2004–2012. Since the percentage P of returns filedelectronically depends on the filing year y, and each inputcorresponds to exactly one output, the percentage ofreturns filed electronically is a function of the filing year; soP1y2 represents the percentage of returns filed electronicallyfor filing year y.(a) Find the average rate of change of the percentage ofe-filed returns from 2004 to 2006.(b) Find the average rate of change of the percentage ofe-filed returns from 2007 to 2009.(c) Find the average rate of change of the percentage ofe-filed returns from 2010 to 2012.(d) What is happening to the average rate of change as timepasses?arrow_forward
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