Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 29, Problem 1AC
Summary Introduction
To describe: The condition in which the inefficient transfer of energy between the trophic levels affects humans where they are classified based on diet.
Introduction: The transfer of energy and nutrients in a linear chain is called as the food chain. When the trophic level increases, the energy of transfer will decrease from one organism to another organism in the food chain. The interconnection of the food chain leads to form food web.
Summary Introduction
To describe: The condition in which the environment impacts on the human diet.
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Background
A trophic level, or feeding level, is made up of all the organisms whose energy source is the same number of consumption steps from the sun in a given ecosystem. The trophic level of plants or producers is 1, while that of herbivores is 2 and that of animals that eat herbivores 3. Higher trophic levels can exist for animals even higher on the food chain. In this exercise, you will compute numerical values for human energy needs based on diets at different trophic levels.
In this case study the owner of a farm raises soybeans and chickens. Grasshoppers feed on the farmers soybeans, and are in turn eaten by the chickens. Humans can, though rarely do, eat grasshoppers for sustenance. Humans can also eat soybeans. For the purpose of this exercise, make the following assumptions:
A human requires 1 chicken/day
There are 365 days/year
1 chicken eats 25 grasshoppers/day
1 grasshopper requires about 30 g of soybeans/year
1,000 grasshoppers have a mass of 1 kg
1 human requires…
Background
A trophic level, or feeding level, is made up of all the organisms whose energy source is the same number of consumption steps from the sun in a given ecosystem. The trophic level of plants or producers is 1, while that of herbivores is 2 and that of animals that eat herbivores 3. Higher trophic levels can exist for animals even higher on the food chain. In this exercise, you will compute numerical values for human energy needs based on diets at different trophic levels.
In this case study the owner of a farm raises soybeans and chickens. Grasshoppers feed on the farmers soybeans, and are in turn eaten by the chickens. Humans can, though rarely do, eat grasshoppers for sustenance. Humans can also eat soybeans. For the purpose of this exercise, make the following assumptions:
A human requires 1 chicken/day
There are 365 days/year
1 chicken eats 25 grasshoppers/day
1 grasshopper requires about 30 g of soybeans/year
1,000 grasshoppers have a mass of 1 kg
1 human requires…
Chapter 29 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 29.1 - explain why nutrients cycle within and between...Ch. 29.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 29.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 29.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 29.2 - describe how energy flows through an ecosystem?Ch. 29.2 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 29.2 - explain how the inefficiency of energy transfer...Ch. 29.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 29.3 - What incentives cause humans to capture nitrogen...Ch. 29.3 - explain why nutrients cycle within and among...
Ch. 29.3 - summarize the water, nitrogen, carbon, and...Ch. 29.4 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 29.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 29.4 - Prob. 2TCCh. 29.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 29.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 29.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 29.4 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 29.4 - Prob. 2CTCh. 29 - Prob. 1MCCh. 29 - Which of the following is not a major reservoir in...Ch. 29 - Prob. 3MCCh. 29 - Net primary production per unit area is likely to...Ch. 29 - Prob. 5MCCh. 29 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 29 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 29 - Feeding levels within ecosystems are also called...Ch. 29 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 29 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 29 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 29 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 29 - Prob. 1RQCh. 29 - Prob. 2RQCh. 29 - Define net primary production. Would you predict...Ch. 29 - Prob. 4RQCh. 29 - How do food chains and food webs differ? Which is...Ch. 29 - Prob. 6RQCh. 29 - Trace the movement of carbon from one of its...Ch. 29 - Prob. 8RQCh. 29 - Prob. 9RQCh. 29 - Prob. 1ACCh. 29 - Discuss the contribution of human population...
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- Background A trophic level, or feeding level, is made up of all the organisms whose energy source is the same number of consumption steps from the sun in a given ecosystem. The trophic level of plants or producers is 1, while that of herbivores is 2 and that of animals that eat herbivores 3. Higher trophic levels can exist for animals even higher on the food chain. In this exercise, you will compute numerical values for human energy needs based on diets at different trophic levels. In this case study the owner of a farm raises soybeans and chickens. Grasshoppers feed on the farmers soybeans, and are in turn eaten by the chickens. Humans can, though rarely do, eat grasshoppers for sustenance. Humans can also eat soybeans. For the purpose of this exercise, make the following assumptions: A human requires 1 chicken/day There are 365 days/year 1 chicken eats 25 grasshoppers/day 1 grasshopper requires about 30 g of soybeans/year 1,000 grasshoppers have a mass of 1 kg 1 human requires…arrow_forwardBased on the text on roaches eating: 1. Identify abiotic factors that support the survival and reproduction of roaches and explain why they need this factors 2. Identify biotic factors that support the survival and reproduction of the roaches and explain why they need this factors 3. Predict what factors in the environment can be altered to decrease the survival and reproduction of roaches and why? PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTION BASED ON THE TEXTarrow_forwardThe term food web refers to the: Question 10 options: Rate at which the primary producers can incorporate energy from the sun. Total weight of the living or previously living organisms in an area at one time. An organism that can make its own food using energy from inorganic molecules instead of the sun. A non-linear representation of all the trophic levels in an ecosystem.arrow_forward
- When hunting disrupts the balance in the food chain by removing all owls, there will be no predators on snakes, leading to their increase in numbers. Considering the scenario where the number of lost owls (4) is replaced by snakes, compute for energy units following in completing the table below. Trophic Levels No. Individuals in Each Trophic Level No. of Units Received from Trophic Level Above No. Units Used / Individual (Resp) No. Units Used in Trophic Level No. Units Remaining & Passed on to Next Trophic Level Mean No. Units Available per Individual in Trophic Level SUN +E = 6 1) Plants 30 2 2) Grasshopper 19 2 3) Frog 12 2 4) Snake 8 + 4 = 12 2 5) Owl 0 2arrow_forwardThe following is NOT true about trophic levels Animals capable of feeding at many trophic levels will be able to survive if portions of their food supply are decreased or eliminated Secondary consumers belong to the third trophic level Primary consumers belong to the first trophic level Each stage through which energy travels is called a trophic levelarrow_forwardA freshwater lake ecosystem has a total primary production of 20,000 kcal. Zooplankton, which are primary consumers, feed on the phytoplankton. Small fish, which are secondary consumers, feed on the zooplankton. Larger fish, which are tertiary consumers, feed on the small fish. How much energy would be available to the tertiary consumers according to the 10% energy rule? 200 20,000 20 2,000 0 2arrow_forward
- The average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is 10%. Use this efficiency to determine how much phytoplankton mass is required to add just 1 gram (0.04 ounce) of new mass to a killer whale, which is a third-level or top carnivore. Create a diagram that summarizes the different trophic levels and the relative size and abundance of organisms at each level. How would your answer change if the efficiency were half the average rate? Twice the average rate?arrow_forwardExplain the effects on the ecosystem if Wood rat were removed. Provide both positive (if any) and negative impacts on the ecosystem. Be sure and include as many of the following terms in your writing as possible: autotroph, heterotroph, producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, carnivore, omnivore, herbivore, energy, population, increase, and decrease.arrow_forwardAs a rule of thumb, about one-tenth of the energy or biomass consumed is stored at each trophic level. About how many kg of feed should it take to produce 1 kg of chicken meat that we eat? How much more energy should it take to provide you a meal of meat compared to vegetables?arrow_forward
- What does the fishing-down-the-food-web hypothesis predict? The lowest landings have the lowest trophic levels The lowest landings have the highest trophic levels None of the options are correct The highest landings have the lowest trophic levels The highest landings have the highest trophic levels In the movie regarding lactose intolerance researchers examine what type of artifacts to determine if milk was in the diets of ancient settlements across Europe and Africa? None of the options are correct Shovels with cow feces DNA Paintings on cave walls Glass cups with milk residue Pottery pots and animal milk fatsarrow_forwardThe position of an organism within a food web is described by its trophic level. When modeling energy dynamics of a food web, losses of energy at these different levels produces a pyramid-shaped distribution of available energy. True or False?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about nutrient challenges faced by organisms is FALSE? Carnivores are limited by the ratio of carbon to nitrogen found in prey. Detritivores consume food rich in carbon but poor in nitrogen. Plants can exhibit the same type of functional response curve describing the rate of energy intake as carnivores. The diet of a carnivore can vary geographically depending on the availability of prey.arrow_forward
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