Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 28, Problem 12EQ
For each of the following relationships,
Mother-daughter: 0.36
Mother-granddaughter: 0.17
Sister-sister: 0.39
Sister-sister (fraternal twins): 0.40
Sister-sister (identical twins): 0.77
What is the average heritability for height in this group of females?
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For each of the following relationships, correlation coefficients forheight were determined for 15 pairs of individuals:Father-daughter: 0.41Father-granddaughter: 0.18Sister-sister: 0.40Sister-sister (fraternal twins): 0.41Sister-sister (identical twins): 0.83What is the average heritability for height in this group?
Pairs of genetically related people were examined with regard to the rate at which they metabolize glucose. For 25 pairs of individuals that had each of the following relationships, correlation coefficients for glucose metabolism were determined:
Mother-daughter: 0.36
Mother-granddaughter: 0.17e
Sister-sister: 0.39
Sister-sister (fraternal twins): 0.40
Sister-sister (identical twins): 0.77
What is the average heritability for the rate of glucose metabolism in this group of females?
ADHD is a highly heritable trait with published broad sense heritability estimates in the range of 0.6-
0.9. Larsson et al. 2014 (doi: 10.1017/S0033291713002493 ) reported the concordance values
shown in the table below for pairs of monozygotic (MZ) or dizygotic (DZ) twins with data for male
and female pairs shown separately, using data from the Swedish twin register (59,000 twin pairs,
born between 1959 and 2001).
Male MZ twins Male DZ twins Female MZ twins Female DZ twins
56%
16%
37%
13%
Based on the data in this table, does ADHD appear to be more heritable in males or females?
Provide one sentence of rationale to support your answer.
Chapter 28 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 28.1 - 1. Which of the following is an example of a...Ch. 28.1 - 2. Saying that a quantitative trait follows a...Ch. 28.2 - The variance is a. a measure of the variation...Ch. 28.2 - 2. Which of the following statistics is used to...Ch. 28.3 - 1. For many quantitative traits, genotypes and...Ch. 28.4 - A QTL is a __________ where one or more genes...Ch. 28.4 - 2. To map QTLs, strains are crossed that differ...Ch. 28.5 - 1. In a population of squirrels in North Carolina,...Ch. 28.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 28.5 - 3. One way to estimate narrow-sense heritability...
Ch. 28.6 - 1. For selective breeding to be successful, the...Ch. 28.6 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 28 - Give several examples of quantitative traits.How...Ch. 28 - 2. At the molecular level, explain why...Ch. 28 - 3. What is a normal distribution? Discuss this...Ch. 28 - 4. Explain the difference between a continuous...Ch. 28 - What is a frequency distribution? Explain how such...Ch. 28 - 6. The variance for weight in a particular herd of...Ch. 28 - Two different varieties of potato plants produce...Ch. 28 - 8. If , would you conclude that a positive...Ch. 28 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 28 - When a correlation coefficient is statistically...Ch. 28 - 11. What is polygenic inheritance? Discuss the...Ch. 28 - What is a quantitative trait locus (QTL)? Does a...Ch. 28 - 13. Let’s suppose that weight in a species of...Ch. 28 - Prob. 14CONQCh. 28 - 15. From an agricultural point of view, discuss...Ch. 28 - Many beautiful varieties of roses have been...Ch. 28 - 17. In your own words, explain the meaning of the...Ch. 28 - 18. What is the difference between broad-sense...Ch. 28 - The heritability for egg weight in a group of...Ch. 28 - In a fairly large population of people living in a...Ch. 28 - When artificial selection is practiced over many...Ch. 28 - 22. Discuss whether a natural population of wolves...Ch. 28 - 23. With regard to heterosis, is each of...Ch. 28 - Here are data for height and weight among 10 male...Ch. 28 - 2. The abdomen length (in millimeters) was...Ch. 28 - 3. You conduct an RFLP analysis of head weight in...Ch. 28 - 5. Let’s suppose that two strains of pigs differ...Ch. 28 - Prob. 6EQCh. 28 - In a wild strain of tomato plants, the phenotypic...Ch. 28 - The average thorax length in aDrosophilapopulation...Ch. 28 - 9. In a strain of mice, the average 6-week body...Ch. 28 - Prob. 10EQCh. 28 - 11. A danger in computing heritability values from...Ch. 28 - For each of the following relationships,...Ch. 28 - An animal breeder had a herd of sheep with a mean...Ch. 28 - The trait of blood pressure in humans has a...Ch. 28 - Discuss why heritability is an important...Ch. 28 - From a biological viewpoint, speculate as to why...Ch. 28 - 3. What is heterosis? Discuss whether it is caused...
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- In a population of geese, the narrow-sense heritability for wing span is shown to be 0.5. If the phenotypic variance is 0.8, the gene-environment interaction variance is 1.2, and the environmental variance is 0.2, what is the additive genetic variance?arrow_forwardIn a study conducted on human height, heritability estimates that were initially done on children with an average age of 5 years old was 74%. Heritability estimates were again performed on the same individuals when they reached adulthood with an average of 40 years old. The result was 30%. Explain the results.arrow_forwardAssume that these two loci are the only sources of additive genetic variance for body mass. The total phenotypic variance for body mass in the population is 10 kg2. What is the narrow sense heritability (h2) of body mass in this population?arrow_forward
- The leaf width of a particular plant has an environmental variance of 2.3 cm, an epistatic variance of4.8 cm, a dominance variance of 1.6 cm, and an additive variance of 3.8 cm. Determine, and interpret,the broad sense and narrow sense heritability.arrow_forwardTail length in a population of peacocks has a phenotypic variance of 2.56cm^2 and an enviromental variance of 1.14cm^2. What is the broad sense heritability (H2)?arrow_forwardVariance in back fat & body length were calculated in a heard of hogs and summarized in the table below. Trait In hogs Back fat Body length Vp 24.5 48.2 VG 15.5 28.4 VA 7.0 12.6 Calculate the narrow-sense heritability for body length, and provide an answer with 2 places behind the decimal. [h²] (Enter an answer with 2 or 3 significant figures)arrow_forward
- The mean and variance of plant height of two highly inbred strains (P1 and P2) and their progeny (F1 and F2) are shown here. Strain Mean (cm) Variance P1 34.2 4.2 P2 55.3 3.8 F1 44.2 5.6 F2 46.3 10.3 Calculate the broad-sense heritability (H2) of plant height in this species.arrow_forwardDrosophila buzzati is a fruit fly that feeds on rotting fruits of cacti in Australia. The broad-sense heritability of body size (thorax length) was calculated from a natural population of the fruit flies, and was 0.3. If the phenotypic variance was 5, what is the genetic variance?arrow_forwardLast summer you were walking in the woods when you stumbled upon a group of four tiny baby squirrels. You noticed that they all had different tail lengths. Curious, you decided to measure the tail lengths of the four squirrels. Their tail lengths were found to be: 30 mm, 38 mm, 32 mm, and 28 mm. The heritability for tails in squirrels is 0.33. (This is a fraction, not percent.) What is the variance due to the difference in environment (VE)? Round to two decimals and do not include units.arrow_forward
- Many researchers have estimated the heritability of human traits by comparing the correlation coefficients of monozygotic and dizygotic twins (see pp. 731–732). One of the assumptions made in using this method is that monozygotic twin pairs experience environments that are no more similar to each other than those experienced by dizygotic twin pairs. How might this assumption be violated? Give some specific examples of how the environments of two monozygotic twins might be more similar than the environments of two dizygotic twins.arrow_forwardAfter the plants had grown to maturity and formed seed, seeds were collected from plants with either the shortest and or the longest corollas in the population and planted separately in the greenhouse. When flowers were formed it was found that the variance of the plants with the shortest flowers was now 4.2 while that of the flowers from the longest seeds had become 13.7 Calculate the new values for heritability in the different groups of plants and explain why this difference may arise.arrow_forwardGray tree frog (Hyla versicolor) males call to females, and their calls can be characterized bythe pulse number and call period. The additive genetic variance of pulse number is 0.37,the additive genetic variance of call period is 0.16, and the covariance of the two traits is0.25. What is the additive genetic correlation of the two traits?arrow_forward
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