(a)
Interpretation:
The reason as to why the amide bonds in most peptides have the
Concept introduction:
An amide bond is formed between a
(b)
Interpretation:
The amino acid which adopts the
Concept introduction:
An amide bond is formed between a carboxylic acid and an amine. Peptide linkage is formed between two amino acids. The carboxylic acid group of one amino acid reacts with an amino group of another amino acid to form an amide bond by removing a water molecule.
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EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STUDY GUIDE AND S
- Draw the tetrapeptide below out in full chemical structure by attaching the four amino acidsin order (this is an application of the characteristicorganic reaction Formation of an Amide. You can use any chemical notation orcombination of notations to draw your structure, but all bonds and atoms must be shown. Tyr-Cys-Met-Hisarrow_forwardAssume that some protein molecule, in its folded native state, has one favored conformation. But, when it is denatured, it becomes a “random coil,” with many possible conformations. (a) What must be the sign of DS for the change: native à denatured? (b) How will the contribution of DS for native denatured affect the favorability of the process? What apparent requirement does this impose on DH if proteins are to be stable structures?arrow_forwardCholic acid, a major constituent of bile, has the structure shown.(a) Draw the structure of cholic acid, showing the rings in their chairconformations, and label each methyl group and hydroxy group asaxial or equatorial. (Making a model may be helpful.)(b) Cholic acid is secreted in bile as an amide linked to the aminogroup of glycine. This cholic acid–amino acid combination acts asan emulsifying agent to disperse lipids in the intestines for easierdigestion. Draw the structure of the cholic acid–glycine combination,and explain why it is a good emulsifying agent.arrow_forward
- (a) Label all the O atoms that are part of a glycoside in rebaudioside A. Rebaudioside A, marketed under the trade name Truvia, is a sweet glycoside obtained from the stevia plant, which has been used for centuries in Paraguay to sweeten foods. (b) The alcohol or phenol formed from the hydrolysis of a glycoside is called an aglycon. What aglycon and monosaccharides are formed by the hydrolysis of rebaudioside A?arrow_forwarda.) Rank the attached compounds in order of increasing acidity. (b)Which compound forms the strongest conjugate base?arrow_forwardOne of the free energy (G)-reaction coordinate graphs given below belong to a ligand-binding protein, while the other two belong to two different enzymes. A)Which of the given graphs cannot belong to an enzyme? A, B or C Choose one of the options and explain your reasoning in one or two sentences. B)What does it mean if an enzyme has reached catalytic perfection? means? Which of the graphs of free energy change given above Could it belong to a catalytically perfect enzyme? C)what kinetic parameter/combination of parameters an enzyme shows its efficiency / whether it has reached catalytic perfection? D)Which step in the Michaelis-Menten mechanism is the rate of diffusion? limited to?arrow_forward
- Draw three-dimensional representations of the following amino acids.(a) l-phenylalaninearrow_forwardLysine and tryptophan are two amino acids that contain an additional Natom in the R group bonded to the a carbon. While lysine is classified asa basic amino acid because it contains an additional basic N atom,tryptophan is classified as a neutral amino acid. Explain why thisdifference in classification occurs.arrow_forwardGive brief explanation.arrow_forward
- (B) Choose the more acidic member of the following pair of isomers. Justify your answer. HO. HO. 어 H or Harrow_forwardProvide detailed explanation of this question. pleasearrow_forwardh) Specify the absolute (R/S) configuration of the amino group in structure IV. (i) If the substituents in structures I, IV and V were identical (all OH or all NH2), which structure would result in a meso compound? (j) If each hydroxy group for structures I, II and VI were replaced with another amino group, which compound would be made optically inactive?arrow_forward