Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26.6, Problem 2MQ
Outline the general features of a signal transduction pathway starting with binding of a PAMP by a membrane-associated PRR.
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Name the three main classes of signal transducing cell-surface receptor.
Define the main characteristics of a signal transduction pathway and give a specific example of such a pathway.
My boss has given me the purified extracellular portion of the Notch receptor. As Delta/Notch signaling occurs between cells, I know that both the Notch receptor and and Delta are most likely "comfortable" in the environment of the blood, not the cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria, etc... I want to purify Delta, the signal. What would be true of the most specific purification technique I could choose, i.e. the technique that will result in the fewest proteins in the fraction containing Delta? Do not worry about whether the protein works after fractionation yet. Pick ALL that apply.
I would use ion exchange chromatography.
I would use size exclusion chromatography
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I would use a water based mobile phase of 7.4
I would use an acetonitrile mobile phase with a pH of 7.4
I would use a water based mobile phase of pH 7.2
I would use an acetonitrile phase of 7.2
I…
Chapter 26 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 26.1 - What major class of immune cells mediates an...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 26.1 - Compare and contrast the major features of innate...Ch. 26.2 - Describe host tissue specificity for pathogens.Ch. 26.2 - Identify physical and chemical barriers to...Ch. 26.2 - What other factors may control the outcome of an...Ch. 26.2 - Identify at least four mechanisms by which a...Ch. 26.3 - Describe the circulation of a leukocyte from the...Ch. 26.3 - What soluble molecules determine whether a...Ch. 26.3 - Cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity...
Ch. 26.4 - How does the development of B, T, and NK cells...Ch. 26.4 - Distinguish between the primary lymphoid organs...Ch. 26.4 - Leukocytes are differentiated white blood cells...Ch. 26.5 - Although technically not part of the immune...Ch. 26.5 - Describe the mechanisms by which circulating...Ch. 26.5 - Pathogens may colonize host tissues when...Ch. 26.6 - Identify a PAMP shared by a group of...Ch. 26.6 - Outline the general features of a signal...Ch. 26.6 - Innate recognition of common pathogens occurs...Ch. 26.7 - Identify the mechanism used by phagocytes to...Ch. 26.7 - Describe several reasons why phagocytes are not...Ch. 26.7 - Phagocytosis is the engulfing of infectious...Ch. 26.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 26.8 - Identify the major symptoms of localized...Ch. 26.8 - Fever and inflammation, characterized by pain,...Ch. 26.9 - In what ways does the classical pathway of...Ch. 26.9 - What is opsonization, and how does opsonization...Ch. 26.9 - Why are the mannose-binding lectin and alternative...Ch. 26.9 - The complement system is composed of soluble...Ch. 26.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 26.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 26.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 26 - Prob. 1AQCh. 26 - Describe the potential problems that would arise...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3AQCh. 26 - Prob. 4AQ
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- List the major superfamilies of receptors that are involved in signal transduction. How it represents the targets of clinically used drugs? Give some examples.arrow_forwardIn the light of the mechanisms of signal transduction pathways, DESCRIBE how:arrow_forwardGTP is an important high-energy molecule that facilitates the activation of many cellular sig- nal transduction pathways. Certain genetic dysfunctions can inhibit the ability of a cell to synthesize GTP. Which of the following describes the most direct result of GTP synthesis inhibition? A B с D The cell would be able to carry out reception and transduction but would not be able to produce the cellular response in the relevant signal transduction pathway. The G protein-coupled receptor will not be able to bind corresponding ligands, inhibiting the reception components of the relevant signal transduction pathway. The cell will use ATP instead of GTP to activate the G protein on the intracellular region of the G protein-coupled receptor. The cell would not be able to activate G proteins on the intracellular regions of G pro- tein-coupled receptors.arrow_forward
- Describe the structure and function of the signal recognitionparticle.arrow_forwardWhat is signal transduction? Illustrate and describe the molecular events in signal transduction pathways involving 1) G-protein-coupled receptors and 2) enzyme linked receptors.arrow_forwardIn the light of the mechanisms of signal transduction pathways, describe how: 1. the immune system is alerted and responds 2. immune responses against infected cells can lead to organ failurearrow_forward
- Researchers have found that a certain signal transduction pathway, illustrated in the figure below, may be responsible for the development of cancer in pancreatic cells. In normal pancreatic cells, where the pathway remains inactive, a membrane-bound receptor called Ptc inhibits a downstream protein known as Smo. The inhibition of Smo blocks the activa- tion of a complex of proteins known as the HSC, which results in the cleaving of one of its proteins called Ci. The cleaving of Ci, in turn, prevents the pathway from initiating the syn- thesis of division-facilitating enzymes. A Ptc B Smo с inhibition D A model of a Ptc signal transduction pathway under normal conditions. HSC Ci cleavage A certain protein called the Hedgehog protein (Hh) is found to activate this signal transduction pathway and trigger uninterruptable cell division. cell division not initiated Which of the following describes the most plausible mechanism by which Hh triggers uninterruptable cell division? Hh binds to…arrow_forwardHow is an extracellular signal converted to an intracellular signal in signal transduction? Give a specific example.arrow_forwardDescribe the action of the following molecular playersin signal transduction pathways: growth factors, growthfactor receptors, kinase cascades, and transcriptionfactorsarrow_forward
- Compare and contrast GPCR and RTK receptors with respect to (a)structure (especially the transmembrane region), (b) activation mechanism, and (c) initial signal transduction across the membrane.arrow_forwardExplain, in detail, how tyrosine kinase proteins are involved in one signal transduction pathway of your choice. Make sure you describe the complete pathway in which it is involved. Then, describe how you would experimentally demonstrate the requirement of a tyrosine kinase protein in your chosen pathway.arrow_forwardSort the following steps of GPCR signal propagation (you may not use all the steps): A) Dephosphorylation of GPCR B) G protein dissociation to adenylate cyclase and GTP binds to the G protein C) Ligand binding to GPCR D) G protein dissociation from GPCR and GDP binds to the G protein E) Synthesis of CAMP F) Activation of PKA G) G protein association to adenylate cyclase H) G protein dissociation from GPCR and GTP binds to the G protein O F, C, H, F, B OC OB, D, A, E, H O C, H, G, E, F OA, G, H, B, Earrow_forward
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