Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26.4, Problem 1CR
Leukocytes are differentiated white blood cells derived from either myeloid or lymphoid precursor cells. Cells of myeloid lineage include monocytes and granulocytes. Monocytes include macrophages and dendritic cells, specialized phagocytes that function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to initiate an adaptive immune response. Granulocytes include neutrophils, which are also phagocytes but not APCs, and mast cells, which are important inducers of the inflammatory response but may also cause allergic reactions. Lymphocytes include B and T cells, which facilitate adaptive immunity, and natural killer cells, which play a key role in destroying virus-infected and cancerous host cells.
What is the origin of the phagocytes and lymphocytes active in the immune response? Track the maturation of B cells and T cells.
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Macrophage, dendritic cells, T-cells, and B-cells are all considered cells of the adaptive immune system. All these cells come in different varieties. Still there are some basic processes and interactions between them to generate the appropriate adaptive immune response and defeat the pathogen.
Which leukocytes above are professional antigen-presenting cells? How do they differentiate their work load?
Major histocompatibility proteins (MHC) presented with an antigen:
are recognized by T lymphocytes
both may be expressed by any nucleated cell and are recognized by T lymphocytes
both may be expressed by any nucleated cell and are recognized by B lymphocytes
may be expressed by any nucleated cell
are recognized by B lymphocytes
Macrophage, dendritic cells, T-cells, and B-cells are all considered cells of the adaptive immune system. All these cells come in different varieties. Still there are some basic processes and interactions between them to generate the appropriate adaptive immune response and defeat the pathogen.
Which white blood cell above is not a phagocyte but is an antigen-presenting cell?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 26.1 - What major class of immune cells mediates an...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 26.1 - Compare and contrast the major features of innate...Ch. 26.2 - Describe host tissue specificity for pathogens.Ch. 26.2 - Identify physical and chemical barriers to...Ch. 26.2 - What other factors may control the outcome of an...Ch. 26.2 - Identify at least four mechanisms by which a...Ch. 26.3 - Describe the circulation of a leukocyte from the...Ch. 26.3 - What soluble molecules determine whether a...Ch. 26.3 - Cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity...
Ch. 26.4 - How does the development of B, T, and NK cells...Ch. 26.4 - Distinguish between the primary lymphoid organs...Ch. 26.4 - Leukocytes are differentiated white blood cells...Ch. 26.5 - Although technically not part of the immune...Ch. 26.5 - Describe the mechanisms by which circulating...Ch. 26.5 - Pathogens may colonize host tissues when...Ch. 26.6 - Identify a PAMP shared by a group of...Ch. 26.6 - Outline the general features of a signal...Ch. 26.6 - Innate recognition of common pathogens occurs...Ch. 26.7 - Identify the mechanism used by phagocytes to...Ch. 26.7 - Describe several reasons why phagocytes are not...Ch. 26.7 - Phagocytosis is the engulfing of infectious...Ch. 26.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 26.8 - Identify the major symptoms of localized...Ch. 26.8 - Fever and inflammation, characterized by pain,...Ch. 26.9 - In what ways does the classical pathway of...Ch. 26.9 - What is opsonization, and how does opsonization...Ch. 26.9 - Why are the mannose-binding lectin and alternative...Ch. 26.9 - The complement system is composed of soluble...Ch. 26.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 26.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 26.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 26 - Prob. 1AQCh. 26 - Describe the potential problems that would arise...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3AQCh. 26 - Prob. 4AQ
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- Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are __________lymphocytes. We put everything in our mouth since our childhood. Therefore our mouth is full of live bacteria. These bacteria are potentially dangerous if they cross our gut wall into our blood circulation. Fortunately we are protected from them by our gut's mucosal lining and the cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, B and T lymphocytes) in the lymphoid tissue called [a] (enter two words). This structure play a crucial role for the development of food tolerance or food [b] (enter one word), coeliac disease and chronic inflammatory bowel disease.arrow_forwardAll of the following are true of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) EXCEPT: which option below is the answer? None of the other four answers (All are true statements about APCs) They can interact directly with lymphocytes They include macrophages and dendritic cells APCs by themselves cannot distinguish between different microbial antigens, remember them later, or respond specifically to them They are non-specific cells and they play no role in activating or triggering specific immune responsesarrow_forwardSecondary lymphoid organs, such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, each have distinct features that are important for their role in initiating immune responses focused on different anatomical compartments (i.e., the peripheral tissues, the blood, or the gastrointestinal tract, respectively). Yet these organs share some overall structural features, such as distinct T-cell and B-cell zones. One major difference between these organs is: The presence versus the absence of macrophages and dendritic cells Their function in bringing rare naive lymphocytes into contact with their specific antigen The ability of lymphocytes to enter the organ from the blood The mechanism by which antigens or pathogens enter the organ The ability of naïve T cells to be activated and proliferate in the organarrow_forward
- Cellular immunity develops from a single stem cell called the multipotent hematopoietic stem cell. Select all of the mature, effector cell types found in the blood of a typical adult human that develop from these stem cells in the bone marrow. ✓ B cell ✔ NK cell ✓basophil ✔eosinophil dendritic cell ✔macrophage ✓ T cell ✔ILC ✔ mast cell ✔neutrophil ✔erythrocytearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is NOT TRUE about Macrophages? Macrophages have a single, somewhat large nucleus and granular inclusions Macrophages serve as antigen presenting cells or APCs Macrophages can express both MHC I and MHC II when acting as an APC Macrophages have less surface area than dendritic cells have, to bind antigens Macrophages arise from the same cell as dendritic cells Resident macrophages are found in only certain, specific tissuesarrow_forwardName four types of lymphocytes involved in cellularimmunity. Which of these is also essential to humoralimmunity?arrow_forward
- If a person is given a transfusion with the wrong blood type, what mechanism of action is responsible for the reaction seen in the body? O 1) IgE binds to mast cells releasing cytokines 2) Antigen-antibody complexes (IgG, IgM and IgA) lodge in basement membranes of tissues, neutrophil degranulation damages the tissues O 3) T cells respond to the inappropriate cells 4) IgG and IgM bind to cells stimulating complement, triggering cell lysisarrow_forwardL T cells and B cells exhibit certain similarities and differences. Check () the appropriate spaces in the table below to indicate the lymphocyte type that exhibits eachcharacteristic. Characteristi cell cell Originates in bone marrow from stem cells called hemocytoblasts Progeny are plasma cells Progeny include suppressors, helpers, and killer cells Progeny include memory cells Is responsible for directly attacking foreign cells or virus-infected cells Produce antibodies that are released to body fluids Bears a cell-surface receptor capable of recognizing a specific antigen Forms clones upon stimulation Accounts for most of the lymphocytes in the circulationarrow_forwardAntibodies can bind specific antigens on ___, allowing for ___ by phagocytes like ___. Group of answer choices Viruses; opsonization; red blood cells Bacteria; opsonization; macrophages Tumor cells; cell lysis; macrophages Viruses; cell lysis; red blood cells Viruses; cytotoxicity; neutrophils Previousarrow_forward
- What distinguishes neutrophils from dendritic cells? How do basophils differ from mast cells?arrow_forwardChoose 1 or more than 1 CD8 T lymphocytes: are generated from lymphoid progenitors in secondary lymphoid organs. help B lymphocytes to differentiate into plasma cells. recognize antigens through specific cell surface receptors. can be helped by CD4+ T lymphocytes to differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes. are involved in the defense against intracellular pathogens.arrow_forwardDiagram the process of phagocytosis, separately for neutrophils and macrophages. Briefly describe all steps of the process.arrow_forward
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