Sort the following steps of GPCR signal propagation (you may not use all the steps): A) Dephosphorylation of GPCR B) G protein dissociation to adenylate cyclase and GTP binds to the G protein C) Ligand binding to GPCR D) G protein dissociation from GPCR and GDP binds to the G protein E) Synthesis of CAMP F) Activation of PKA G) G protein association to adenylate cyclase H) G protein dissociation from GPCR and GTP binds to the G protein O F, C, H, F, B OB, D, A, E, H O C, H, G, E, F A, G, H, B, E

If you wanted to engineer the initiator caspase from the Fas/FasL extrinsic apoptosis pathway to function in the intrinsic pathway (e.g. in response to DNA damage), which of the following would be the most likely approach to succeed? O Replace the extrinsic pathway's initiator caspase Death Effector Domain with a CARD domain O Replace the Fas Death Domain with a cytochrome C binding domain O Generate a version of the Fas receptor that localizes to the mitochondrial intermembrane space 80 O Replace the intrinsic pathway's initiator caspase CARD domain with a Death Effector Domain F3 0 $ 4 DOD DOO R F4 S % 5 T No new data to save. Last checked at 3:01pm Submit Qu B4 ♫ 8 tv A F5 < 6 MacBook Air F6 Y & 7 F7 * 8 X F8 ( 9

The following statements about the 'membrane attack complex' (MAC) is incorrect. Explain (i) The structure of the MAC is different for both classical and alternative pathways. (ii) C9 is activated due to cleavage by C8.

Which of the following dephosphorylates PI 3,4,5-trisphosphate, thereby blocking the activation of PKB/Akt?

You have a precursor protein that is translated in the cytosol with an N-terminal mitochondrial localization signal (MLS). a) Where will this protein go? b)You perform organelle isolation in cultured cells and compare this protein’s levels in the cytosol and the mitochondria. You perform a western blot which separates the proteins based on their size. Using the same antibody that recognizes this protein you notice that there is a difference in the protein’s size in the cytosol vs mitochondria. How will you explain this?

Which of the following is true about chromodomains? a) bind methylated histone tails  b) are associated with repression c) both a and b d) none of the above

Aberrant signaling through the Ras-BRaf-MAPK signal transduction pathway drives many cancers. This makes the pathway an attractive drug target, and many small molecules have been developed that target either Ras, BRaf or MAPK. In malignant melanoma, one mutation in particular, where valine 600 of Braf is mutated to a glutamic acid (V600E), is found in the majority of cases. This mutation makes BRaf activation independent of upstream Ras activity. Would a small molecule that targets Ras be effective in a melanoma case driven by Braf V600E? Explain your answer.

Notch is an important transmembrane receptor that is present on the plasma membrane. Curiously, it possesses a proteolytic cleavage site and an NLS in its intracellular domain. In a protein fragment complementation experiment the Notch receptor was fused to the N-terminal portion of GFP on its intracellular domain. Another protein that is known to act in the nucleus to mediate the Notch signal following its activation was fused to the C-terminal region of GFP. When both are expressed in the same cell, GFP is observed in the nucleus. In 3-4 sentences provide an explanation that would account for the expression of GFP exclusively in the nucleus.

When Hedgehog binds to Patched, this not only activates the signaling pathway but alsoactivates the receptor-mediated endocytosis of Patched, so there is less Patched on the plasmamembrane to inhibit Smoothened. a. Outline the steps of receptor-mediated endocytosis, including the roles for each proteininvolved. Hint: if your answer does not include the protein dynamin, you are notproviding enough detail. b. What will happen to Patched after it enters the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis?Assume that Patched is not recycled back to the plasma membrane.

), create a simple flowchart depicting the MC1R pathway. There should be a minimum of five steps in the pathway. Be sure to include reception (protein binding to its ligand), a portion of the transduction pathway (what’s the intracellular reaction? What molecule works intracellularly?), and the cellular response (What’s produced from the cell?).