Anatomy and Physiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260256000
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 26.2, Problem 7BYGO
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Glycolysis is the process of splitting of glucose molecules by glycolytic enzymes. It produces ATP for the immediate energy needs and it also forms two pyruvate molecules.
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COO-
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H-C-H
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Chapter 26 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 26.1 - What class of nutrients provides most of the...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 26.1 - Roles of the arcuate nucleus, neuropeptide YY, and...
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 26.1 - Principal dietary sources of calories; the...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 15AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 18AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 19AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 22AYLOCh. 26.1 - Type of lipoproteins found in the...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 24AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 25AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 26AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 27AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 28AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 29AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 30AYLOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 6BYGOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 26.2 - What important enzyme is found in the inner...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 26.2 - Function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in glucose...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 26.2 - Anaerobic fermentation and its primary purposeCh. 26.2 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 26.2 - The net ATP yield of glycolysis and aerobic...Ch. 26.2 - The efficiency of aerobic respiration and how to...Ch. 26.2 - How excess glucose is convened to glycogen; the...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 26.3 - What cells are primarily responsible for storing...Ch. 26.3 - The process of lipolysis including the hydrolysis...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 26.3 - How the liver produces ureaCh. 26.3 - Other nondigestive functions of the liverCh. 26.4 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 26.4 - When the body is in its postabsorptive state; what...Ch. 26.4 - Hormones that regulate the postabsorptive state,...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 21BYGOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 22BYGOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 26 - Prob. 1TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 26 - The lipoproteins that remove cholesterol from the...Ch. 26 - Which of the following is most likely to make you...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 26 - FAD is reduced to FADH2 in a. glycolysis. b....Ch. 26 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 26 - Synthesis of glucose from amino acids or...Ch. 26 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 26 - The appetite hormones ghrelin, leptin, CCK, and...Ch. 26 - The brightly colored, iron-containing,...Ch. 26 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 26 - Most of the body's cholesterol comes from the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 26 - Chapter 17 defines and describes some hormone...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 26 - A Television advertisement proclaims. "Feeling...Ch. 26 - Explain why a patient whose liver has been...
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- What is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 in human tissues, including blood?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the second step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH b. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH c. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH e. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate f. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate g. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide h. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) i. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2arrow_forwardStep 6 of the citric acid cycle is shown. Which statement best describes the role of FAD in this reaction? CH₂ lal CH₂ FAD FADH₂ CO₂ CO₂ succinate CH CH fumarate OA) FAD causes the oxidation of succinate to form fumarate. B) FAD causes succinate to undergo hydration to form fumarate. C) FAD causes the isomerication of succinate to form fumarate. D) FAD causes the reduction of succinate to form fumarate.arrow_forward
- Follow the two carbon atoms that enter the citric acid cycle (C₂). Are the two CO₂ molecules given off in one turn of the citric acid cycle composed of the same 2 carbon atoms that entered the cycle? NADH + H+ NAD+ H HỌ—C—COO- H₂C-COO- °↑ 7 FADH₂ 0 C-C00 H₂C-COO- Oxaloacetate Malate HC-COO- -OOC-CH Fumarate FAD Succinate H₂C-COO H₂C-COO CH,CO—S-CoA Acetyl coenzyme A GTP COA GDP COA H₂C-COO- HỌ–C–COO- H₂C-COO- Citrate H₂C-COO- Isocitrate HC-COO- HO–C–COO H e T CO₂ Succinyl COA H₂C-COO- CO₂ a-Ketoglutarate CoA H₂C-CO-S-CoA H₂C-COO H₂C 0-C-COO- NAD+ NADH + H+ NAD+ NADH + H+arrow_forwardEthanol is oxidized in the liver to form acetate, which is then converted to acetyl-CoA. Determine how many molecules of ATP are produced from 1 mol of ethanol. (Note that 2 mol of NADH are produced when ethanol is oxidized to form acetate.)arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements about coenzyme Q is not true? a. coenzyme Q is lipid-soluble b. coenzyme Q can accept one or two electrons c. conenzyme Q often diffuses in the membrane from one protein complex to another in its semiquinone form d. Coenzyme Q is one of the five electron carriers used in the electron transport chainarrow_forward
- Why is it that the carboxylate "ions" actually partake in the citric acid cycle ratherthan the carboxylic acid? Explain using an examplearrow_forwardDescribe how a) Mean Arterial Pressure, b) Maximal Oxygen Consumption, and c) Blood Flow are determined using its formula. In addition, you should explain what those factors are including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, resistance, a-vO2 difference, etc. Describe how many ATPs can be generated by complete cycles of beta oxidation of free fatty acid with 20 carbons. You should indicate how many cycles of beta oxidation and Krebs cycle, and total number of products as wellarrow_forwardIn the energy recovery phase of glycolysis, Glyceraldehyde 3-p reacts with NAD+ In this reaction, which will be oxidized, and which will be reduced. In simple terms, what does it mean when a chemical is oxidized, and what does it mean when a chemical is reduced?arrow_forward
- In order for fatty acids to enter the mitochondria to be catabolized via β-oxidation, they must first be reacted with coenzyme A (reaction ①). Use the equations below to answer parts a-c. ① Fatty Acid + CoA → Fatty Acid—CoA ΔG = ??? ② ATP → AMP + PPi ΔG = ─45.6 kJ/mol ③ PPi → 2 Pi ΔG = ─19.2 kJ/mol ④ Fatty Acid + ATP + CoA → FA—CoA + AMP + 2 Pi ΔG = ─34 kJ/mol a) Calculate ΔG for reaction 1. b) Suppose the formation of the fatty acid--CoA proceeded via the reaction of ATP to ADP instead of AMP. Calculate ΔG for reaction 5. ① Fatty Acid + CoA → Fatty Acid—CoA ΔG = from part a ② ATP → ADP + Pi ΔG = ─30.5 kJ/mol ⑤ Fatty Acid + ATP + CoA → FA—CoA + ADP + Pi ΔG = ??? kJ c) So why does the…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the sixth step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2 b. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH c. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) e. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH f. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate g. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate h. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide i. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SHarrow_forwardWhich of the reactants in the citric acid cycle have two chiral carbon atoms?arrow_forward
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