Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 26, Problem 39QTP
Estimate the percent increase in the cost of the grinding operation if the specification for the surface finish of a part is changed from 250 to 32 μin.
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Estimate the relative cost of grinding a steel part to a tolerance of ±0.0005 in versus turning it to
a tolerance of +0.003 in.
(a)
Figure 1 shows surface roughness and tolerances obtained in Chemical
Machining (CM) and Electrochemical Machining (ECM) process for different
types of electronic products.
Comment on the differences between chemical and electrochemical machining
process in terms of surface roughness and tolerance of the machined product as
illustrated in Figure 1.
0.9
CM
0.8
0.7
Z ECM
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Product A
Product B
Product C
Product D
Products
25
E ČM
20
Z ECM
15
10
Product A
Product B
Product C
Product D
Products
Figure 1: Surface roughness and tolerances of various electronic products
Surface roughness, Ra
Tolerance, (t mm x 10)
Speed of Ball Mill
In a ball mill of diameter 2000 mm, 100 mm dia steel balls are being used for grinding. Presently, for the material being ground, the mill is run at 15 rpm. At what speed will the mill have to be run if the 100 mm balls are replaced by 50 mm balls, all the other conditions remaining the same?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 26 - What is an abrasive? What are superabrasives?Ch. 26 - How is the size of an abrasive grain related to...Ch. 26 - Why are most abrasives made synthetically?Ch. 26 - Describe the structure of a grinding wheel and its...Ch. 26 - Explain the characteristics of each type of bond...Ch. 26 - What causes grinding sparks in grinding? Is it...Ch. 26 - Define metallurgical burn.Ch. 26 - Define (a) friability, (b) wear flat, (c) grinding...Ch. 26 - What is creep-feed grinding and what are its...Ch. 26 - How is centerless grinding different from...
Ch. 26 - What are the differences between coated and bonded...Ch. 26 - What is the purpose of the slurry in...Ch. 26 - Explain why grinding operations may be necessary...Ch. 26 - Why is there such a wide variety of types, shapes,...Ch. 26 - Prob. 15QLPCh. 26 - The grinding ratio, G, depends on the type of...Ch. 26 - What are the consequences of allowing the...Ch. 26 - Explain why speeds are much higher in grinding...Ch. 26 - Prob. 19QLPCh. 26 - Prob. 20QLPCh. 26 - Prob. 21QLPCh. 26 - Referring to the preceding chapters on processing...Ch. 26 - Explain the reasons that so many deburring...Ch. 26 - What precautions should you take when grinding...Ch. 26 - Prob. 25QLPCh. 26 - What factors could contribute to chatter in...Ch. 26 - Prob. 27QLPCh. 26 - Prob. 28QLPCh. 26 - Describe the effects of a wear flat on the overall...Ch. 26 - What difficulties, if any, could you encounter in...Ch. 26 - Prob. 31QLPCh. 26 - Prob. 32QLPCh. 26 - Prob. 33QLPCh. 26 - Jewelry applications require the grinding of...Ch. 26 - List and explain factors that contribute to poor...Ch. 26 - Calculate the chip dimensions in surface grinding...Ch. 26 - If the strength of the workpiece material is...Ch. 26 - Assume that a surface-grinding operation is being...Ch. 26 - Estimate the percent increase in the cost of the...Ch. 26 - Assume that the energy cost for grinding an...Ch. 26 - It is known that, in grinding, heat checking...Ch. 26 - Prob. 45QTPCh. 26 - With appropriate sketches, describe the principles...Ch. 26 - Prob. 47SDPCh. 26 - Vitrified grinding wheels (also called ceramic...Ch. 26 - Conduct a literature search, and explain how...Ch. 26 - Visit a large hardware store and inspect the...Ch. 26 - Obtain a small grinding wheel or a piece of a...Ch. 26 - In reviewing the abrasive machining processes in...Ch. 26 - Obtain pieces of sandpaper and emery cloth of...Ch. 26 - On the basis of the contents of this chapter,...
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- Rod Mills, Ball Mills and Autogenous Mills are different types of tumbling mills used in the metalliferous industry. What equipment, if any, usually accompanies each of these mills in grinding circuits and why.arrow_forwardExplain why the same grinding wheel may act soft or hard.arrow_forwardMake a list about the process of Mechanical Grinding and another of Reactive Grinding, please be clear in your writing (preferably in digital format) and consider all the corresponding stepsarrow_forward
- 1. Draw a sound conclusion based on how you familiarized the key components of the surface grinding machine. Emphasize what you have learned on the vital roles of each area.arrow_forwardIn a surface grinding operation performed on a 6150 steel workpart (annealed, approximately 200 BHN), the designation on the grinding wheel is C-24-D-5-V. Wheel diameter =178 mm and its width= 25 mm. Rotational speed = 3000 rev/min. Infeed = 0.05 mm per pass, crossfeed = 12.5 mm, and workpiece speed = 6 m/min. This operation has been a source of trouble right from the beginning. The surface finish is not as good as the 0.4 µm specified on the part print, and there are signs of metallurgical damage on the surface. In addition, the wheel seems to become clogged almost as soon as the operation begins. In short, nearly everything that can go wrong with the job has gone wrong. (a) Determine the rate of metal removal when the wheel is engaged in the work. (b) If the number of active grits per cm? = 30, determine the average chip length and the number of chips formed per time. (c) What changes would you recommend in the grinding wheel to help solve the problems encountered? Explain why you…arrow_forward5. Types of Grinding Wheel Machines and their outputs. (atleast 3)arrow_forward
- Hand's On Ехample A grinding circuit is processing 450 t/h (of dry feed) with a mill drawing 3,150 kW. The circuit feed is 80% passing 2,500 um, and the circuit product is 80% passing 212 um. Calculate (a) The work input (b) Operating work index (c) The work input required to produce 80% passing 250 um. 14arrow_forwardQ :4i. Explain why the same grinding wheel may act soft or hard.ii. Why are grinding operations necessary for parts that have been machined by other processes?iii. Explain how the EDM process is capable of producing complex shapes.iv. Explain why the mechanical properties of workpiece materials are not significant in most of the processes described in Nontraditional Machining Processesarrow_forwardEstimate the manufacturing cost for a simple machined component: a. Compare the costs for manufacturing volumes of 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 pieces with an intermediate tolerance and surface finish. Explain why there is a great change between 1 and 10 and a small change between 1000 and 10,000 pieces. b. Compare the costs for fit, intermediate, and rough tolerances with a volume of 100 pieces. c. Compare the costs of manufacturing the component out of various materials.arrow_forward
- c) It is planned to carry out the grinding operation using a grinding wheel of diameter 15 cm and width 2 cm, and using successive depths of cut of 0.02 mm, with two final cuts of 0.01 mm each. Wheel speed is 1450 m/min, work speed is 0.25 m/s and the cross feed is 0.4 mm. The number of active grits per area of the wheel surface is 0.75 grits/mm? with a grain aspect ratio of 20. i) Determine the Material Removal Rates for both depths of cut. ii) If the cycle time for one forward/return stroke of the work during grinding is 5 sec., estimate the total time taken to complete the job. ii) Considering a constant of proportionality K2 of 40,000, determine the maximum surface temperature of the work. iv) What recommendations would you give to reduce any surface damage owing to high work temperatures?arrow_forward(Grinding Operations and Grinding Machines) (USCS units) In a centerless grinding operation, the grinding wheel diameter = 8 in, and the regulating wheel diameter = 5.0 in. The grinding wheel rotates at 1500 rev/min, and the regulating wheel rotates at 180 rev/min. The inclination angle of the regulating wheel = 2.3°º. Determine the production rate of cylindrical work parts whose diameter = 0.5 in and length = 5.0 in.arrow_forward1. Using a horizontal axis surface grinder, a flat surface of high strength steel sizing 150 mm× 300 mm is to be ground. A grinding wheel with 200 mm diameter and 20 mm thickness is used. Assume a table speed, wheel speed and in-feed rate of 10 m/min, 20 m/s, and 5mm/pass, respectively. Please estimate the grinding time required.arrow_forward
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