Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To determine whether oxaloacetate and
Concept introduction: Transamination reaction is a biochemical reaction that involves the transfer of an amino group. In transamination reaction exchange of an amino group from an
The general structure of an amino acid is:
Here,
An acid containing both carbonyl and carboxyl
(a)
Answer to Problem 26.33EP
No, oxaloacetate and
Explanation of Solution
Oxaloacetate is a keto acid and its structure is:
The two reactants in transamination reaction are a keto acid and an amino acid. Both oxaloacetate and
(b)
Interpretation: To determine whether glutamate and oxaloacetate could function as the two reactants in a transamination reaction or not.
Concept introduction: Transamination reaction is a biochemical reaction that involves the transfer of an amino group. In transamination reaction exchange of an amino group from an
The general structure of an amino acid is:
Here,
An acid containing both carbonyl and carboxyl functional group is known as a keto acid. A general representation of a keto acid is:
(b)
Answer to Problem 26.33EP
Yes, glutamate and oxaloacetate can function as the reactants in a transamination reaction.
Explanation of Solution
Glutamate is an amino acid and its structure is:
Oxaloacetate is a keto acid and its structure is:
Transamination reaction involves the exchange of an amino group from an
(c)
Interpretation: To determine whether glutarate and glutamate could function as the two reactants in a transamination reaction or not.
Concept introduction: Transamination reaction is a biochemical reaction that involves the transfer of an amino group. In transamination reaction exchange of an amino group from an
The general structure of an amino acid is:
Here,
An acid containing both carbonyl and carboxyl functional group is known as a keto acid. A general representation of a keto acid is:
(c)
Answer to Problem 26.33EP
No, glutarate and glutamate cannot function as the reactants in a transamination reaction.
Explanation of Solution
Glutarate is a diacid and its structure is:
Glutamate is an amino acid and its structure is:
The two reactants in transamination reaction are a keto acid and an amino acid. Glutamate is an amino acid but glutarate is not a keto acid. For a transamination reaction to take place there must be one keto acid present along with an amino acid. Thus, glutarate and glutamate cannot function as the reactants in a transamination reaction.
(d)
Interpretation: To determine whether oxaloacetate and succinate could function as the two reactants in a transamination reaction or not.
Concept introduction: Transamination reaction is a biochemical reaction that involves the transfer of an amino group. In transamination reaction exchange of an amino group from an
The general reaction to illustrate transamination is as follows:
The general structure of an amino acid is:
Here,
An acid containing both carbonyl and carboxyl functional group is known as a keto acid. A general representation of a keto acid is:
(d)
Answer to Problem 26.33EP
No, oxaloacetate and succinate cannot function as the reactants in a transamination reaction.
Explanation of Solution
Oxaloacetate is a keto acid and its structure is:
Succinate is a diacid acid and its structure is:
The two reactants in transamination reaction are a keto acid and an amino acid. Oxaloacetate is keto acid but succinate is not an amino acid. For a transamination reaction to take place there must be one amino acid present along with a keto acid. Thus, oxaloacetate and succinate cannot function as the reactants in a transamination reaction.
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Chapter 26 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- In this transamination reaction (right), which of the following are the products X and Y? Oxaloacetate Glutamate A Alanine, a-ketoglutarate B Aspartate, a-ketoglutarate C Glutamate, alanine D Pyruvate, aspartatearrow_forwardSuggest a name for an enzymes that catalyzes each of the following reactions.1. Hydrolysis of Lactose 2. Oxidation of Nitrate3. Decarboxylation of Citrate4. Reduction of Exalatearrow_forwardUDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes bind the organic compound UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GA) in order to catalyse the transfer of a glucuronic acid group from UDP-GA to a drug molecule, releasing UDP from the active site as a product. UDP is then regenerated by the activity of another enzyme. What terms could be used to describe UDP-GA?arrow_forward
- Transamination reactions have been described as ping-pong reactions. Use the reaction of alanine with α-ketoglutarate to indicate how this ping-pong reaction works.arrow_forwardFive coenzymes are required by a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, the enzyme in the citric acid cycle that converts a-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.a. Identify the coenzymes.b. Propose a mechanism for the reaction. A-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase A-ketoglutarate succinyl-CoAOO OO O−O O− −O SCoA + CO2arrow_forwardFive coenzymes are required by a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, the enzyme in the citric acid cycle that converts a-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.a. Identify the coenzymes.b. Propose a mechanism for the reaction.arrow_forward
- Name the following enzymes:a. enzyme responsible for the cutting of the sugar on the nonreducing ends of glycogen branches b. enzyme that is only present in the liver and kidney during glycogen utilization c. enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon fragment from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor in PPParrow_forwardTransamination reactions have been described as ping-pong reactions. Use the reaction of alanine with - ketoglutarate to indicate how this ping-pong reaction works.arrow_forwardWhich of the following reactions would you expect to proceed in the direction shown, under standard conditions, in the presence of the appropriate enzymes? Discuss briefly your choice. a. Malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ b. Acetoacetate + NADH + H+ → β-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ c. Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → lactate NAD+ d. Pyruvate + β-hydroxybutyrate → lactate + acetoacetate e. Malate + pyruvate → oxaloacetate + lactate f. Acetaldehyde + succinate → ethanol + fumaratearrow_forward
- In relation to Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase enzyme, answer the following: A- What are the two isoforms of this enzyme, explain why there are two isoforms? B- What are the clinical manifestations associated with the deficiency of these two enzymes? C- Write down the biochemical reaction and the name of the metabolic pathway that these two isoforms are involved in, and how many ATP is utilized by these two isoforms?arrow_forwardE. coli can convert glutamate to ornithine. Describe the two reactions that do so.arrow_forwardRegarding phosphofructokinase, which of the following statements is true: a. Low [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits. b. High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits. c. The enzyme is more active at low [ATP] than at high, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates the enzyme. d. High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates.arrow_forward
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