Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26, Problem 18RQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The cause for the symptoms of ovarian cysts that mimic pregnancy.
Introduction: Fertilization is the process by which the male gamete (sperm), fertilize with the female gamete, (ovary). The process brings about the fusion of two haploid pronuclei into a diploid zygote.
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Describe the development of an oocyte from primordial follicle to when it is released at ovulation. How do hormones contribute to this progression? Describe the development of a spermatogonia to a spermatozoa. How do hormones contribute to this progression? What is the function of Sertoli and Leydig cells?
Explain how a woman with an ovary removed from one side and a uterine tube removed from the other side can get pregnant (exclude the possibility of in vitro fertilization).
Mumps is a viral infection. The primary symptom of mumps is visible swelling of the parotid gland on either side of the face. However, the virus can also infiltrate the male reproductive system, causing the testes to atrophy. Some effects include oligospermia (low sperm count), azoospermia (no sperm in semen), and asthenospermia (reduced sperm movement).
Research treatment options for reduced sperm movement. Describe one option that can be used to aid successful fertilization and explain why it helps.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 26.1 - Name the male and female gonads and gametes.Ch. 26.1 - Where in a target cell would you expect to find...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 26.1 - Which sex will a zygote become if it inherits only...Ch. 26.1 - If the testes are removed from an early male...Ch. 26.2 - The gametes in a newborn male are at what stage of...Ch. 26.2 - Compare the amount of DNA in the first polar body...Ch. 26.2 - How many gametes are formed from one primary...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 9CCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 11CCCh. 26.3 - What do Sertoli cells secrete? What do...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 13CCCh. 26.3 - Which cells of the testes have receptors for FSH?...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 15CCCh. 26.4 - Name the phases of the ovarian cycle and the...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 17CCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 18CCCh. 26.4 - On what day of the menstrual cycle will a woman...Ch. 26 - Match each of the following items with all the...Ch. 26 - The Y chromosome contains a region for male sex...Ch. 26 - List the functions of the gonads. How do the...Ch. 26 - Define each of the following terms and describe...Ch. 26 - Trace the anatomical routes to the external...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6RQCh. 26 - Prob. 7RQCh. 26 - List and give a specific example of the various...Ch. 26 - Prob. 9RQCh. 26 - Prob. 10RQCh. 26 - Diagram the menstrual cycle, distinguishing...Ch. 26 - Prob. 12RQCh. 26 - Define and relate each of the following terms in...Ch. 26 - Compare the actions of each of the following...Ch. 26 - Prob. 15RQCh. 26 - Discuss the roles of each of the following...Ch. 26 - Prob. 17RQCh. 26 - Prob. 18RQCh. 26 - An XY individual inherits a mutation that results...Ch. 26 - Prob. 20RQCh. 26 - The following graph shows the results of an...
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- Describe the 28-day uterine cycle in females, citing important timeframes/hormones/events in the cycle. Your response must include the difference between fertilization occurring and fertilization not occurring throughout this cycle and how that would effect the cycle's "completion" (What I mean by this is describe the entire cycle and how it would change if a zygote is successfully formed and implanted into the uterus resulting in pregnancy)arrow_forwardOogenesis in the female results in one functional gamete—the egg, or ovum. What other cells are produced? What is the significance of this rather wasteful type of gamete production—that is, production of a single functional gamete instead of four, as seen in males?arrow_forwardClomiphene Citrate is a fertility drug that stimulates hypothalamic secretion of Gonadotropin releasing Hormone (GnRH) in females and induces ovulation. Explain how increased GnRH with Clomiphene Citrate treatment would affect follicle maturation and ovulation in women (explain how increased GnRH would affect FSH, LH, Estrogen, and ovulation).arrow_forward
- In humans, gametogenesis in both sexes relies on meiosis. However, spermatogenesis produces four gametes while oogenesis produces only one. Explain why this is so, including the specific structures or processes involved.arrow_forwardMumps is a viral infection. The primary symptom of mumps is visible swelling of the parotid gland on either side of the face. However, the virus can also infiltrate the male reproductive system, causing the testes to atrophy. Some effects include oligospermia (low sperm count), azoospermia (no sperm in semen), and asthenospermia (reduced sperm movement). Describe how intrauterine insemination can be used to aid successful fertilization and explain why it helps. Make sure that the treatment process AND how the process helps to improve fertility are clearly explained.arrow_forwardDiscuss whether the following individuals (1) have male or female gonads, (2) are phenotypically male or female (Wolffian or Muellerian ducts. External genitalia) and (3) are sterile or fertile.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements accurately describes the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome? Question 28 options: a) Excessive androgens that affect follicular decline by suppressing apoptosis, enabling follicles, which normally disintegrate to survive b) A decrease in leptin levels that reduces the hypothalamic pulsatility of GnRH, which reduces the number of follicles that mature c) A disorder of the anterior pituitary that increases the release of FSH, which reduces the release of LH d) Testosterone that stimulates androgen secretion by the ovarian stroma and reduces SHBG indirectlyarrow_forwardUse the following information to answer the next question. Meiosis. Chromosome Content of Human Cells During a Series of Events Y Mitosis. Differentiation. (n) U Fertilization. U 2n V W 2n 2n X In humans, what process must have occurred to obtain the cell at V? Select one: 2n 2n Zarrow_forwardUnlike male gonadotropins, female gonadotropins are able to promote the development of a single optimal dominant follicle during most cycles with the release of a single gamete from an LH surge and then optimization of the uterine environment for implantation. To understand pathologies in this complex system, one must understand the ideal steps within the normal menstrual cycle. Which of the following statements best describes the role of FSH in menstruation? O FSH induces granulosa cell LH receptors within the dominant follicle. O FSH stimulates follicular growth only in the early preantral stage. ( ) FSH stimulates granulosa cell androgen production. O FSH increases its own receptor numbers on theca cells. O FSH induces theca cell aromatase.arrow_forward
- List three ways in which oopenesis differs from spermatogeneis. Be specific.arrow_forwardChlamydia is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. If not treated, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and epididymitis in men. PID can cause scar tissues in the structure responsible for transporting the fertilized egg and in the tissue that is maintained by progesterone during a menstrual cycle, leading to infertility. In the diagram above, the structures associated with PID for the effects described above are numbered Select one: a. 1, which is the Fallopian tube, and 3, which is the endometrium, respectively b. 1, which is the Fallopian tube, and 4, which is the endometrium, respectively c. 4, which is the uterus, and 6, which is the cervix, respectively d. 3, which is the uterus, and 7, which is the cervix, respectivelyarrow_forwardThere are 6 major events in fertilization. Discuss the process of fertilization or conception, with emphasis on the sperm-egg interaction. Proteins on the sperm plasma membrane bind to ZP3 molecules within the zona pellucida of the egg. Why is this event important? Zona binding triggers the acrosome reaction, in which the sperm plasma membrane fuses with the outer acrosomal membrane, causing exocytosis of acrosomal contents. What is in the "acrosomal content"? Acrosomal enzymes begin to dissolve a hole in the zona pellucida. This enzymatic degradation, accompanied by rapid sperm tail beating, moves the sperm through the zona. Where does the sperm intend to reach?arrow_forward
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