Chapter 24.4, Problem 29SSC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Different methods which are used to detect and measure radiation needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) badge containing a tiny crystal is needed to wear that person who works near radioactive source. Within the crystal radiation stimulates electrons. For the determination of the radiation dose, heating of crystal takes place and electrons come back to the stable ground states, discharging light. This is detected by radioactivity readers as a radiation dose to which workers are exposed. To ensure the safety of the workers, the radiation dose should be monitored very carefully.

Answer to Problem 29SSC

The Geiger counter and scintillation counter device are used to identify and measure radiation.

Explanation of Solution

The Geiger counter is known to be an ionizing radiation detection device. It comprises of a metal tube and inside it gas is filled. A wire is connected to a power supply in the center of the tube. When ionizing radiation implants the end of the tube, the gas inside the tube consumes the radiation and creates ions and free electrons. The electrons released are drawn into the wire, creating an electric current. Current flow measures through the ionized gas by made a meter into the Geiger counter. The quantity of ionizing radiation is determined by this measurement.

Another detection device is a scintillation counter. Scintillations are brief reflections of light it is produced by specific types of atoms like phosphors when ionizing radiation induces the electrons.

Conclusion

Radiation is useful in many scientific experiments and industrial applications. For example, the analysis of neutron activation is used to classify trace quantities of elements that occur in a sample.