Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the intermediate
Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the
The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:
From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.
a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage
b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage
In the
In the
(a)
Answer to Problem 24.9EP
The intermediate
Explanation of Solution
The structure of
Here, denotes the
The intermediate
The intermediate
(b)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolysis pathway is a
Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes are produced along with pyruvate.
The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:
From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.
a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage
b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage
In the
In the
(b)
Answer to Problem 24.9EP
Phosphoenolpyruvate is a
Explanation of Solution
The structure of phosphoenolpyruvate is as follows:
Phosphoenolpyruvate is formed in the
Phosphoenolpyruvate is formed in the
(c)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the intermediate
Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes are produced along with pyruvate.
The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:
From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.
a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage
b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage
In the
In the
(c)
Answer to Problem 24.9EP
The intermediate
Explanation of Solution
The structure of
The intermediate
The intermediate
(d)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate
in the glycolysis pathway is a
Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes are produced along with pyruvate.
The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:
From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.
a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage
b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage
In the
In the
(d)
Answer to Problem 24.9EP
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a
Explanation of Solution
The structure of dihydroxyacetone phosphate is as follows:
The intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate is formed in the
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is formed in the
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Chapter 24 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- The rate limiting and committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by which of the following enzymes? A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase B. Hexokinase C. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase D. Transketolasearrow_forwardIn the first stage of glycolysis, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate iscleaved to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The latter molecule can then be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Illustrate themechanisms whereby these reactions occurarrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. respiratory control b. glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle c. uncoupling protein d. oligomycin e. malate–aspartatearrow_forward
- Define the following terms: a. HETPP b. nucleoside diphosphate kinase c. amphibolic pathway d. anaplerotic reaction e. citric acid cyclearrow_forwardCharacterize, in terms of number of carbon atomspresent, each of the following citric acid cycle changesas (1) a C4 to C4 change, (2) a C4 to C6 change, (3) a C5to C4 change, or (4) a C6 to C5 change.a. Oxaloacetate to citrateb. a-Ketoglutarate to succinyl CoAc. Fumarate to malated. Succinyl CoA to succinatearrow_forwardWhich class of enzymes catalyzes the following reactions? CH2- CH2- CH2 H2- C- CH2 AST CH2-C CH2 CH-NH + C=O + C=0 + CH-NH ČO0 Čo0 ČO0 ČO0" Aspartate Oxoglutarate Oxaloacetate Glutamate Select one: a. Oxidoreductase O b. Isomerase O c. Ligase d. Transferasearrow_forward
- Match the description with the correct enzyme : A. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase Serves a as a direct link between citric acid cycle and electron transport chain B. Succinate dehydrogenase v Uses alpha-keto carboxylic acid as a substrate C. Alcohol dehydrogenase Does not contribute electron carriers to oxidative phosphorylation D. NADH dehydrogenase E. Isocitrate dehydrogenase F. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complexarrow_forwardThe glycerol 3-phosphate required for the synthesis of glycerophospholipids can be synthesized from a glycolytic intermediate. Propose a reaction sequence for this conversionarrow_forwardIdentify the following: a. An oxidative process that releases energy b. Cellular localization of the electron transport chain during cellular respiration. c. The number of double bonds present in the metabolic precursor of all prostaglandins.arrow_forward
- Specify the number of carbon atoms present and the number of phosphate groups present in each of the following glycolysis intermediates (3 points each) 1. Glucose 6 phosphate 2. Fructose 1, 6, phosphate 3. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 4. 3-phospholglycerate 5. Fructose 6 phosphatearrow_forwardComplete the sentence describing the pentose phosphate pathway in cells that require much more ribose 5-phosphate than NADPH. These cells need ribose 5-phosphate but have relatively higher concentrations of NADPH and lower concentrations of NADP*. Choose from the listed words to fill in the blanks: xylulose 5-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, five, two, three, glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate, erythrose 4-phosphate, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. One molecule of and two molecules of are used to generate molecules of ribose 5-phosphate by the reverse reactions of the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway.arrow_forwardIndicate the general type of enzyme that mediates each glycolysis reaction depicted below. (e.g. Transferase, Oxidoreductase, Kinase, Hydrolase, Lyase, or Isomerase) iii. O H Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate H-C-OH + NAD CH₂O-P + P₁ H-O- -C-H Glucose →→ Glucose-6-phosphate H b 0 OH HO OH H-C- 0 -H HO- H ОН H-C-OH + NADH +H+ CH₂O P P ATP ADP 1 H (P-O- -C- H H HO OH 2-Phosphoglycerate → Phosphoenolpyruvate 0 OH H ОН -O~(P) + HOHarrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College