Introduction To Statistics And Data Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337793612
Author: PECK, Roxy.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 2.3, Problem 47E
The paper “Turning to Learn: Screen Orientation and Reasoning from Small Devices” (Computers in Human Behavior [2011]: 793–797) describes a study that investigated whether cell phones with small screens are useful for gathering information. The researchers wondered if the ability to reason using information read on a small screen was affected by the screen orientation. The researchers assigned 33 undergraduate students who were enrolled in a psychology course at a large public university to one of two groups at random.
One group read material that was displayed on a small screen in portrait orientation, and the other group read material on the same size screen but turned to display the information in landscape orientation (see figure below).
The researchers found that performance on a reasoning test that was based on the displayed material was better for the group that read material in the landscape orientation.
- a. Is the described study an observational study or an experiment?
- b. Did the study use random selection from some population?
- c. Did the study use random assignment to experimental groups?
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The paper "Turning to Learn: Screen Orientation and Reasoning from Small Devices"t describes a study that investigated whether cell phones with small screens are useful for gathering information. The researchers wondered
if the ability to reason using information read on a small screen was affected by the screen orientation. The researchers assigned 33 undergraduate students who were enrolled in a psychology course at a large public
university to one of two groups at random.
One group read material that was displayed on a small screen in portrait orientation, and the other group read material on the same size screen but turned to display the information in landscape orientation (see figure
below).
Portrait
Landscape
ii
The researchers found that performance on a reasoning test that was based on the displayed material was better for the group that read material in the landscape orientation.
(a) Is the described study an observational study or an experiment?
O an observational study
O an…
The effect of guilt emotion on how a decision maker focuses on a problem was investigated in a behavioral magazine. A total of 172 volunteer students participated in
the experiment, where each was randomly assigned to one of three emotional states (guilt, anger, or neutral) through a reading/writing task. Immediately after the task,
students were presented with a decision problem where the stated option had predominantly negative features (spending money on repairing a very old car). The
results (number responding in each category) are summarized in the accompanying table. Suppose one of the 172 participants is selected at random. Complete parts a
through c.
Click the icon to view the table of chosen options and emotional states.
CH
ce
a. Given that the respondent is assigned to the guilty state, what is the probability that the respondent chooses the stated option?
The probability is .764.
(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
ГМА
GE A
b. If the respondent does not choose to…
Craik & Tulving ran an experiment to determine how depth of processing during study affects memory. In the study phase, 12 participants made judgments about words. In one block of trials
(the visual condition) they indicated whether the words were written in upper case or lower case; in another block of trials (the auditory condition) they indicated whether the words
contained an "ee" sound; in another block of trials (the meaning condition) they indicated whether the meaning of the words was pleasant or unpleasant. There were 12 words in each block.
After completing the study phase, participants were asked to write down all the words they could remember. Here are the data:
Mean
Visual 3.5
Auditory 4.5
Meaning 6.0
Standard
Deviation
1.5
1.6
1.9
Compared to the within-subjects design, the between-subjects design (select all that apply)
Oa. Would have less statistical power
O b. Would be less prone to experimenter bias
O c. Would be less prone to order effects
Od. Would have better…
Chapter 2 Solutions
Introduction To Statistics And Data Analysis
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