Concept explainers
In many digital environments, users are allowed to choose how they are represented visually online. Does how people are represented online affect online behavior? This question was examined by the authors of the paper “The Proteus Effect: The Effect of Transformed Self-Representation on Behavior” (Human Communication Research [2007]: 271-290). Participants were randomly assigned either an attractive avatar (a graphical image that represents a person) to represent them or an unattractive avatar.
- a. The researchers concluded that when interacting with a person of the opposite gender in an online virtual environment, those assigned an attractive avatar moved significantly closer to the other person than those who had been assigned an unattractive avatar. This difference was attributed to the attractiveness of the avatar. Explain why the researchers would not have been able to reach this conclusion if participants had been allowed to choose one of the two avatars (attractive, unattractive) to represent them online.
- b. Construct a diagram to represent the underlying structure of this experiment.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 2 Solutions
Introduction To Statistics And Data Analysis
Additional Math Textbook Solutions
Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life (5th Edition)
Elementary Statistics ( 3rd International Edition ) Isbn:9781260092561
Applied Statistics in Business and Economics
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (6th Edition)
Elementary Statistics (13th Edition)
- In studies examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that an individual’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how the individual was perceived by others. In one part of the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner. The fictitious male was described positively as being single and ambitious and having good job prospects. For one group of participants, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. For another group, it said that he has no sense of humor. After reading the description, each participant was asked to rate the attractiveness of the man on a seven-point scale from 1 (very unattractive) to 7 (very attractive). A score of 4 indicates a neutral rating. The females who read the “great sense of humor” description gave the potential partner an average attractiveness score of M = 4.53 with a standard deviation of s = 1.04. If the sample consisted of n = 16…arrow_forwardIn a research study, wherein the researcher wanted to know if people’s intelligence is perceived differently based on race, participants observed either a Caucasian, African American, or Asian American stimulus person giving a speech. All stimulus persons gave the same verbal speech. After observing this person, the participants had to rate the stimulus person’s level of intelligence on a scale of 1-10. The participants were separated by gender and their ratings were analyzed separately. How many possible interaction effects might the researcher find? Group of answer choices 3 0 1 2arrow_forwardA researcher is interested in examining whether the location that a person lives is related to the number of hours that they spend on the internet each week. The researcher collected data from a sample of 30 participants who were classified in one of three groups: (1) 10 people who live in an urban setting, (2) 10 people who live in a suburban setting, and (3) 10 people who live in a rural setting. Each participant reported the number of hours they spend on the internet in a typical week (the dependent variable). The researcher found the following descriptive statistics: Urban participants reported an average of 8.9 hours of internet use per week with a standard deviation of 2.77. Suburban participants reported an average of 12.7 hours of internet use per week with a standard deviation of 4.88. Rural participants reported an average of 9.8 hours of internet use per week with a standard deviation of 2.82. Using the data that was collected, the researcher found the following: The…arrow_forward
- A researcher is interested in examining whether the location that a person lives is related to the number of hours that they spend on the internet each week. The researcher collected data from a sample of 30 participants who were classified in one of three groups: (1) 10 people who live in an urban setting, (2) 10 people who live in a suburban setting, and (3) 10 people who live in a rural setting. Each participant reported the number of hours they spend on the internet in a typical week (the dependent variable). The researcher found the following descriptive statistics: Urban participants reported an average of 8.9 hours of internet use per week with a standard deviation of 2.77. Suburban participants reported an average of 12.7 hours of internet use per week with a standard deviation of 4.88. Rural participants reported an average of 9.8 hours of internet use per week with a standard deviation of 2.82. Using the data that was collected, the researcher found the following: The…arrow_forwardA researcher is interested in examining whether the location that a person lives is related to the number of hours that they spend on the internet each week. The researcher collected data from a sample of 30 participants who were classified in one of three groups: (1) 10 people who live in an urban setting, (2) 10 people who live in a suburban setting, and (3) 10 people who live in a rural setting. Each participant reported the number of hours they spend on the internet in a typical week (the dependent variable). The researcher found the following descriptive statistics: Urban participants reported an average of 8.9 hours of internet use per week with a standard deviation of 2.77. Suburban participants reported an average of 12.7 hours of internet use per week with a standard deviation of 4.88. Rural participants reported an average of 9.8 hours of internet use per week with a standard deviation of 2.82. Using the data that was collected, the researcher found the following: The…arrow_forwardIn a study examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that a man’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how he was perceived by women. In the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner and then rated the attractiveness of the male on a scale from 1 (low) to 7 (high). The fictitious male was described positively as being single, ambitious, and having good job prospects. In one condition, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. The results showed that the description was rated significantly higher when “a sense of humor” was included. To examine this effect further, a researcher selected a sample of n = 16 college males and asked them to read a brief description of a female and then rate the attractiveness of the woman in the description. The description had been used in previous research but was modified by adding a statement describing a good sense of humor.…arrow_forward
- In a study examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that a man’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how he was perceived by women. In the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner and then rated the attractiveness of the male on a scale from 1 (low) to 7 (high). The fictitious male was described positively as being single, ambitious, and having good job prospects. In one condition, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. The results showed that the description was rated significantly higher when “a sense of humor” was included. To examine this effect further, a researcher selected a sample of n = 16 college males and asked them to read a brief description of a female and then rate the attractiveness of the woman in the description. The description had been used in previous research but was modified by adding a statement describing a good sense of humor.…arrow_forwardMany animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M=34.5 minutes on the plain chamber with SS=210 for a sample of n=15 birds. (Note: If the eye spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of ?=30minutes in each chamber.) a. Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eye-spots have a significant influence on the birds' behavior? Use a two-tailed test with ?=.05. b.…arrow_forwardMany animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M=37minutes in the plain chamber with SS=288 for a sample of n=9 birds. (Note: If the eye-spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of μ=30 minutes in each chamber.) Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eye-spots have a significant influence on the birds’ behavior? Use a two-tailed test with a= .05. Compute the…arrow_forward
- Many animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M = 34.5 minutes on the plain chamber with SS = 210 for a sample of n = 15 birds. (Note: If the eye spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of μ = 30 minutes in each chamber.) a. Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eyespots have a significant influence on the birds’ behavior? Use a two-tailed test with α =…arrow_forward]14. Many animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behaviour of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M 34.5 minutes on the plain chamber with SS = 210 for a sample of n = 15 birds. (Now: If the eye spots have no effect. then the birds should spend an average of u = 30 minutes in each chamber.) a. Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eyes pots have a significant influence on the bird's behaviour? Ike a two-tailed test with…arrow_forwardMany animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M = 37 minutes in the plain chamber with SS = 288 for a sample of n = 9 birds. (Note: If the eye-spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of μ = 30 minutes in each chamber.) Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eyespots have a significant influence on the birds’ behavior? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05.…arrow_forward
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillBig Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt