Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 6TY
Which of the following best describes evolutionary “fitness”?
a. overall strength relative to other members of a population
b. overall cardiovascular health relative to other members of a population
c. ability to attract mates relative to other members of a population
d. ability to survive and reproduce relative to other members of a population
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which one of these statements about fitness is most accurate?
A. Fitness is a measure of strength & health
B. Fitness may change at a population level, but is constant for an individual
C. Fitness can only be measured at the population level
D. Fitness is a measure of reproductive success
E. Fitness is an overall measurement that applies to all evolutionary mechanisms
Consider the evolution of the population of a species of small rodents. Assume that the number of males and females are nearly equal. Due to statistical data one can assume that each female remains a juvenile for one year and then becomes an adult, and that only adults have offspring. The reproduction rate is 2. The adult surviving rate is α. The juvenile surviving rate is 2/5. Initially the population counted 100 females and 40 juveniles. What values of the adult surviving rate will ensure that the population stabilize?
Darwinian fitness is a measure of
a. survival.
b. reproductive success.
c. heterozygosity of the gene pool.
d. polymorphisms in a population.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 22 - Do you think the skeletons of Liang Bua Cave...Ch. 22 - Is it important that we try to discover the...Ch. 22 - Describe the three key elements of evolution.Ch. 22 - Explain how a fossil is created.Ch. 22 - List some of the main sources of evidence for...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4CRCh. 22 - Prob. 5CRCh. 22 - Prob. 6CRCh. 22 - Explain how rising atmospheric concentrations of...Ch. 22 - List the features that make Hominidae different...
Ch. 22 -
9. Describe the origins of Homo sapiens.
Ch. 22 - Explain why racial differences may disappear...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1TYCh. 22 - Prob. 2TYCh. 22 - Prob. 3TYCh. 22 - Vestigial structures, homologous structures, and...Ch. 22 -
5. Which of the following statements about...Ch. 22 - Which of the following best describes evolutionary...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7TYCh. 22 - Genetic drift is most likely to affect: a. every...Ch. 22 -
9. Which of the following would be described as...Ch. 22 - Which of the following statements is true? a. Mass...Ch. 22 - In what order did events occur that led to life on...Ch. 22 - Prob. 12TYCh. 22 -
13. Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 14TYCh. 22 - Which of the following is not believed to be a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 22 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 22 - Critics of evolution often charge, correctly as it...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 22 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 22 - It is believed that humans evolved in Africa and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7AWKCh. 22 - Of all the great evolutionary advances of life on...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A difference in survival and reproduction among members of a population that vary in one or more traits is called ________.arrow_forwardWhich of the following rows correctly identifies the life strategy of a population and its type of graph? Select one: a. Population Life Strategy Type of Graph Dandelions K-selected Exponential b. Population Life Strategy Type of Graph Mosquitoes K-selected Logistic c. Population Life Strategy Type of Graph Whales r-selected Logistic d. Population Life Strategy Type of Graph Rabbits r-selected Exponentialarrow_forwardWhat would be the best measure of the evolutionary fitness of individuals, from the options available? Measure the percent of individuals with certain genotypes in a population Measure the average lifespan of individuals with certain genotypes in a population Measure the average number of offspring of individuals with certain genotypes in a populationarrow_forward
- Which of the following correctly refer to individuals with lower fitness? A) Have a selective disadvantage B) Are selected against C) Have an evolutionary benefit A and B A, B, and Carrow_forwardAfter observing a finite population of asexually reproducing salamanders, which of the following outcomes is consistent with Müller’s ratchet? a. The population fitness will decline due to the least fit individuals randomly not surviving to produce offspring into the next generation. b. The population fitness will increase due to the most fit individuals randomly not surviving to produce offspring into the next generation. c. The population fitness will decline due to the most fit individuals randomly not surviving to produce offspring into the next generation. d. The population fitness will increase due to the least fit individuals randomly not surviving to produce offspring into the next generation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the best description of sexual selection? a. Sexual selection is the differential reproductive success due to variation in acquiring immunity from mates. b. Sexual selection is the differential reproductive success due to variation in survival from social selection. c. Sexual selection is the differential reproductive success due to variation in acquiring mates or mating success. d. Sexual selection is the differential survival success due to variation in avoiding mates or mating success.arrow_forward
- Which of the following are arguments against the expression "survival of the fittest"? Choose all that apply. (1, 2, 3, or 4 could be correct) "Fittest" implies absolute fitness, when relative fitness of one genotype compared to others is more important "Fittest" makes it sound like it is about physical fitness, when whether an individual reproduces may depend on other traits "Fittest" makes it sound like an individual will be fit in all environments, when in reality the same genotype may have different fitness in different environments Reproduction is more important than survival for transmitting genetic differences to progenyarrow_forwardWhich of the following are equivalent ways to talk about an allele or genotype of individuals who are able to leave MORE offspring than others in a certain environment? Check all that apply. Group of answer choices A-"has a benefit" B-"has a higher fitness" C-"confers a selective disadvantage" D-"confers a selective advantage" E-"has a cost"arrow_forward. Hamilton suggests altruistic behaviors are favorable when A. cost/benefit is greater than the coefficient of relationship B. cost/benefit is less than the coefficient of relationship C. benefit/cost is less than the coefficient of relationship D. None of the above .Hamilton's rule (where r is the degree of relatedness, B is the benefit to the recipient, and C is the cost to the altruist) predicts that natural selection should favor altruistic acts under certain circumstances. Which of the following circumstances are unlikely to lead to selection favoring altruism? A. B is small B. C is large C. r is small D. All of the above If the last slice of pizza is worth 4 to you and is worth 7 to your mother, then according to Hamilton's rule A. you should take the last slice of pizza. B. you should give the last slice of pizza to your mother.. C. you should cut the last slice of pizza in half and take half for you and give half to your mother.. D. None of the above, Hamilton's rule cannot be…arrow_forward
- When taking the question, it would appear as: Consider global warming, a continual gradual increase in average temperatures. How might you expect this to affect natural selection? A.environmental changes are unpredictable, and natural selection is a random process, so it is difficult to predict outcome B.species from warmer climates are likely to expand their ranges into higher latitudes C.traits that increase reproductive success under warmer temperatures are likely to increase in frequency in a population D.the stress caused by higher temperatures will increase mutation ratesarrow_forwardAssuming a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, an increase in the frequency of the p(A) allele from 0.6 to 0.9 would result in which of the following outcomes? a. A decrease in the number of homozygous dominant individuals within the population b. A decrease in the number of homozygous recessive individuals within the population c. An increase in the number of homozygous recessive individuals within the population d. An increase in the number of heterozygotes within the population e. No change in genotypic frequency within the populationarrow_forwardIn populations of many organisms there is an inverse relationship between the density of individuals (number per area) and the average size of the individuals. True or False?arrow_forward
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