Chapter 21.4, Problem 26SSC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The difference between structural isomers and stereoisomers needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The molecules having same molecular formula but structural arrangement of atoms in the molecule is different are said to be isomers of each other.

Explanation of Solution

Structural isomers: The isomers having same molecular formula but differ in bonding patterns between the molecule. For example: the different structural arrangement for compound having molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{10}}$ are:

So, butane and 2-methylpropane are structural isomers.

Stereoisomers: The isomers having same molecular formula and connectivity but differ arrangement of atoms in space. For example: cis -3-hexene and trans -3-hexene. (In cis- isomer, the two identical groups or atoms are close to each other whereas in trans- isomer two identical groups or atoms are farther apart.)