Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 21.3, Problem 1CC
The best estimate is that the human genome contains fewer than 21,000 genes. However, there is evidence that human cells produce many more than 21,000 differ- ent Polypeptides. What processes might account for this discrepancy?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
You are studying a large eukaryotic gene that is 439,515 base pairs long. You find the polypeptide that this gene produces in liver cells is 46,771 amino acids long. Your colleague studies the function of this gene in brain cells, and finds the polypeptide produced in the brain is much larger – 61,438 amino acids long. How do you explain this difference?
Possible Answers:
A. The cell cycle of liver cells is much longer than that of brain cells.
B. This is due to alternative splicing. in the brain
C. There was a different complement of sequence-specific transcription factor binding sites in the CRM of the brain cells.
D. There is no 5' cap added to the gene product from the liver cells.
People who carry a theoretical genetic disorder (called B-disease) can be identified from a 2kb
DNA sequence. People who carry this genetic disorder have a single nucleotide polymorphism
that results in a change of GTATTC to GGATTC, a site that only occurs once at nucleotide
number 750 in this DNA sequence. Answer the following questions based on the information
provided.
a) How can you develop a simple molecular test to identify the genetic disorder?
A 2500 bp region of the human genome encodes two genes. One of the genes encodes a protein of 600 amino acids and the other gene encodes a protein of 280 amino acids. The mRNA sequences of the two genes do not contain any of the same nucleotide sequences (i.e. they do not overlap). How is this possible? Fully explain your answer.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 21.1 - Describe the whole-genome shotgun approach.Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Explain the advantage of the systems biology...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Concept 20.2, you learned...Ch. 21.3 - The best estimate is that the human genome...Ch. 21.3 - The Genomes Online Database (GOLD) Website of the...Ch. 21.3 - WHAT IF? What evolutionary processes might...Ch. 21.4 - Discuss the characteristics of mammalian genomes...Ch. 21.4 - VISUAL SKILLS Which of the three mechanisms...
Ch. 21.4 - Contrast the organizations of the rRNA gene family...Ch. 21.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Assign each DNA segment at the...Ch. 21.5 - Describe three examples of errors in cellular...Ch. 21.5 - Explain how multiple exons might have arisen in...Ch. 21.5 - What are three ways that transposable elements are...Ch. 21.5 - WHAT IF? In 2005, Icelandic scientists reported...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21 - How did the Human Genome Project result in more...Ch. 21 - What has been the most significant finding of the...Ch. 21 - Compare genome size, gene number, and gene density...Ch. 21 - Explain how the function of transposable elements...Ch. 21 - How could chromosomal rearrangements lead to the...Ch. 21 - What type of Information can be obtained by...Ch. 21 - Bioinformatics intludes all of the following...Ch. 21 - Homeotic genes (A) encode transcription factors...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 21 - DRAW IT Below are the amino acid sequences(using...Ch. 21 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Genes important in the...Ch. 21 - scientific inquiry The scientists mapping the SNPs...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 21 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Insects have three...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
How does trandlation differ from transcription?
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Relative thickness of the myocardium in different chambers; the functional significance of those differences; a...
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
11. In the early 1800s, French naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck suggested that the best explanation for the rel...
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
What were the major microbiological interests of Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky? It can be said tha...
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
The pedigrees indicated here were obtained with three unrelated families whose members express the same disease...
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 422. These all center on quantitative inheritance and the study and an...
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The human genome contains thousands of sequences known as small open reading frames, some of which encode proteins of about 30 amino acids. What is the minimum number of nucleotides required to encode such a protein?arrow_forwardAnnotation of the human genome sequence reveals a discrepancy between the number of protein-coding genes and the number of predicted proteins actually expressed by the genome. Proteomic analysis indicates that human cells are capable of synthesizing more than 100,000 different proteins and perhaps three times this number. What is the discrepancy, and how can it be reconciled?arrow_forwardThe best estimate is that the human genome containsfewer than 21,000 genes. However, there is evidencethat human cells produce many more than 21,000 different polypeptides. What processes might account for thisdiscrepancy?arrow_forward
- Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how can human cells make 75,00o-100,000 different proteins? Distinguish between missense and nonsense. Compare and contrast between insertions and deletions. Why are these called “frameshift” mutations? What are thymine dimers? What causes them?arrow_forwardWhen the human genome sequence was finally completed, scientists were surprised to discover that the genome contains far fewer genes than expected. How many genes are present in the human genome? Scientists have also found that there are many more different kinds of proteins in the human cells that there are different genes in the genome. How can this be explained?arrow_forwardAlthough DNA transposons are abundant in the genomes of multicellular eukaryotes, class 1 elements usually make up the largest fraction of very large genomes such as those from humans (~2500 Mb), maize (~2500 Mb), and barley (~5000 Mb). Given what you know about class 1 and class 2 elements, what is it about their distinct mechanisms of transposition that would account for this consistent difference in abundance?arrow_forward
- The genome of Drosophila melanogaster, a fruit fly, was sequenced in 2000. However, this “completed” sequence did not include most heterochromatin regions. The heterochromatin was not sequenced until 2007 (R. A. Hoskins et al. 2007. Science 316:1625–1628). Most completed genome sequences do not include heterochromatin. Why is heterochromatin usually not sequenced in genome-sequencing projects?arrow_forwardWhat percentage of the DNA in the genome actually corresponds to genes? How much is actually protein-coding exons? What makes up the rest?arrow_forwardThe length of a particular gene in human DNA, measured from the start site for transcription to the end of the protein-coding region, is 10,000 nucleotides, whereas the length of the mRNA produced from this gene is 4000 nucleotides. What is the most likely reason for this difference?arrow_forward
- In relation to central dogma of molecular biology answer the following questions: The length of a particular gene in human DNA, measured from the start site for transcription to the end of the protein-coding region, is 10,000 nucleotides, whereas the length of the mRNA produced from this gene is 4000 nucleotides. What is the most likely reason for this difference?arrow_forwardAntibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, but have no effect on the synthesis of proteins encoded by eukaryotic nuclear genes. Cycloheximide inhibits the synthesis of proteins encoded by nuclear genes, but has no effect on bacterial protein synthesis. How might these compounds be used to determine which proteins are encoded by mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes?arrow_forwardYour advisor, a brilliant bioinformatician, has high regard for your intellect and industry. she suggests that you write a computer program that will identify the exons of protein- coding genes directly from the sequence of the human genome. In preparation for that task, you decide to write down a list of the features that might distinguish protein- coding sequences from intronic DNA and from other sequences in the genome. What features would you list?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Genome Annotation, Sequence Conventions and Reading Frames; Author: Loren Launen;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWvYgGyqVys;License: Standard Youtube License