Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 1TYU
Bioinformatics intludes all of the following except
- (A) Using computcr programs foalign DNA sequences.
- (B) using DNA tcchnology to combinr DNA from twodiffcrent soureo in a test tube.
- (C) developing computer-based lools for genome analysis.
- (D) using mathcmatlcal tools to make sense of blological systems.
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Bioinformatics includes all of the following except (A) using computer programs to align DNA sequences. (B) using DNA technology to combine DNA from two different sources in a test tube. (C) developing computer-based tools for genome analysis. (D) using mathematical tools to make sense of biological systems.
Describe how, using mice, a researcher could carry out (1) organismalcloning, (2) production of ES cells, and (3) generation of iPS cells,focusing on how the cells are reprogrammed. (The procedures arebasically the same in humans and mice.)
Objective: Get a sense of how genomics, the study of the genome in its entirety,needs to think about how to go about its research.
Geonomic DNA is broken up into fragments. The 5’ and 3’ ends of each fragment(a “read”) are sequenced. The sequenced reads are assembled together intocontiguous sequences (“contigs”) based on sequence similarity.
The idea is to sequence enough random fragments so that every nucleotide in thegenome is represented on some read. The number of such fragments needed iscalled the coverage, c.
The coverage c can be calculated by the formula RL/G, where R is the number ofreads sequenced, L is the average length of a read and G is the total length of thegenome. The units of length are bases (b) or base pairs (bp).
Consider a genome whose length is 1000 bp. “Shotgun” sequencing techniquesare applied to the genome, resulting in 20 reads, with an average length of 50 bp.A very important point is that, even though 20 x 50 = 1000, there is no guaranteethat ALL…
Chapter 21 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 21.1 - Describe the whole-genome shotgun approach.Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Explain the advantage of the systems biology...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Concept 20.2, you learned...Ch. 21.3 - The best estimate is that the human genome...Ch. 21.3 - The Genomes Online Database (GOLD) Website of the...Ch. 21.3 - WHAT IF? What evolutionary processes might...Ch. 21.4 - Discuss the characteristics of mammalian genomes...Ch. 21.4 - VISUAL SKILLS Which of the three mechanisms...
Ch. 21.4 - Contrast the organizations of the rRNA gene family...Ch. 21.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Assign each DNA segment at the...Ch. 21.5 - Describe three examples of errors in cellular...Ch. 21.5 - Explain how multiple exons might have arisen in...Ch. 21.5 - What are three ways that transposable elements are...Ch. 21.5 - WHAT IF? In 2005, Icelandic scientists reported...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21 - How did the Human Genome Project result in more...Ch. 21 - What has been the most significant finding of the...Ch. 21 - Compare genome size, gene number, and gene density...Ch. 21 - Explain how the function of transposable elements...Ch. 21 - How could chromosomal rearrangements lead to the...Ch. 21 - What type of Information can be obtained by...Ch. 21 - Bioinformatics intludes all of the following...Ch. 21 - Homeotic genes (A) encode transcription factors...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 21 - DRAW IT Below are the amino acid sequences(using...Ch. 21 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Genes important in the...Ch. 21 - scientific inquiry The scientists mapping the SNPs...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 21 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Insects have three...
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