Chapter 21.1, Problem 3LC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The three examples of technologies used in electrochemical processes to supply electrical energy need to be explained.

Concept Introduction: In an electrochemical process, a redox reaction takes place. Here, two half-reactions occur where in one reaction oxidation takes place and in the other reaction, reduction takes place. The sum of these two-half reactions gives the overall reaction for the process. In oxidation, the loss of electrons takes place by an element and its oxidation state increases Similarly, in reduction, the gain of electrons takes place by an element. Here, the oxidation state of the element decreases.

Explanation of Solution

The three examples of technologies that use electrochemical processes to supply electrical energy are as follows:

1. Rechargeable battery: It is a type of electrical battery that can be charged, discharged, and recharged many times. It can be composed of one or more than one electrochemical cells.
2. Fuel cell: It is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of the fuel to electrical energy. Here, redox reactions are responsible for the generation of electricity. Fuel cells require continuous energy sources of fuel and oxygen for a chemical reaction to take place. Thus, a fuel cell can produce electricity as long as there is a supply of fuel and oxygen.
3. Flow battery: It is a type of electrochemical cell in which two chemical components of the cell are dissolved in a liquid separated by a membrane. Here, charging and discharging of the battery takes place by transfer of ions from one compartment to another via the membrane.