Chapter 21, Problem 92A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula for the given hydrate, tin (IV) chloride pentahydrate needs to be given.

Concept Introduction: The formula of hydrates is written in such a way that the first formula of salt is written and then depending on the prefix of the second name, the number of water molecules attached to it can be determined.

Explanation of Solution

The given hydrate is as follows:

tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate

The oxidation state of tin is +4 thus, it is bonded to 4 Cl atoms.

The formula of hydrate can be written as follows:

  ${\text{SnCl}}_4.{\text{5H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula for the given hydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate needs to be given.

Concept Introduction: The formula of hydrates is written in such a way that the first formula of salt is written and then depending on the prefix of the second name, the number of water molecules attached to it can be determined.

Explanation of Solution

The given hydrate is as follows:

magnesium sulfate heptahydrate

Here, heptahydrate means there are 7 water molecules. The formula of hydrate can be written as follows:

  ${\text{MgSO}}_4.7{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula for the given hydrate, iron (III) phosphate tetrahydrate needs to be given.

Concept Introduction: The formula of hydrates is written in such a way that the first formula of salt is written and then depending on the prefix of the second name, the number of water molecules attached to it can be determined.

Explanation of Solution

The given hydrate is as follows:

iron (III) phosphate tetrahydrate

The oxidation state of iron is +3 and tetrahydrate means there are 4 water molecules present in the given hydrate.

The formula of hydrate can be written as follows:

  ${\text{FePO}}_{\text{4}}.4{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula for the given hydrate, calcium chloride dihydrate needs to be given.

Concept Introduction: The formula of hydrates is written in such a way that the first formula of salt is written and then depending on the prefix of the second name, the number of water molecules attached to it can be determined.

Explanation of Solution

The given hydrate is as follows:

calcium chloride dihydrate

Here, dihydrate means there are 2 water molecules attached to it. Now, the formula of hydride can be written as follows:

  ${\text{CaCl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{.2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$