Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 21, Problem 4AYKA
Summary Introduction
To review:
Whether hypoventilation or hyperventilation would occur if there is prolonged vomiting, causing increase in blood pH.
Introduction:
Hypo ventilation can refer to the state in which a person’s breathing becomes less than the required capacity. Hyper ventilation can refer to the state in which the human body exhales more than its intake, and this causes an imbalance in the human body’s pH and
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 21.1 - What are the main structures of the respiratory...Ch. 21.1 - 2. Is the larynx part of the upper or lower...Ch. 21.1 - Where are alveoli? What is their basic function?Ch. 21.1 - 4. List and define the four processes that make...Ch. 21.1 - 5. How does the respiratory system contribute to...Ch. 21.1 - List and describe four functions of the...Ch. 21.2 - Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 21.2 - 2. Describe the external and internal structure...Ch. 21.2 - What happens to the glottis and the pitch of the...Ch. 21.2 - 4. What is the function of the tracheal mucosa?
Ch. 21.2 - How does the epithelium of the bronchial tree...Ch. 21.2 - Trace the pathway from the primary bronchi to the...Ch. 21.2 - 7. What structures make up the respiratory...Ch. 21.2 - Explain the structure of the pleural cavities.Ch. 21.3 - What drives the movement of gases?Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 21.3 - 3. What drives the movement of gases during...Ch. 21.3 - What does the intrapleural pressure prevent under...Ch. 21.3 - 5. How are inspiration and expiration achieved?
Ch. 21.3 - 6. What is airway resistance? What is the main...Ch. 21.3 - How does surfactant decrease surface tension?Ch. 21.3 - 8. What is pulmonary compliance? What three...Ch. 21.3 - 9. What are three measurable pulmonary volumes?
Ch. 21.3 - 10. What is the vital capacity?
Ch. 21.4 - 1. How does the pressure gradient between two gas...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 21.4 - 3. What takes place during pulmonary gas...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 21.4 - What are three factors that influence the...Ch. 21.5 - How is the majority of oxygen transported through...Ch. 21.5 - How do temperature, pH, PCO2, and BPG affect Hbs...Ch. 21.5 - 3. Why is the S shape of the oxygen-hemoglobin...Ch. 21.5 - What are the three ways in which the body...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 21.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 21.6 - 1. Which steps of respiration rely on partial...Ch. 21.7 - 1. Which collection of neurons generates the...Ch. 21.7 - What are the functions of the dorsal and ventral...Ch. 21.7 - 3. Where are the central chemoreceptors located?...Ch. 21.7 - What do the central chemoreceptors trigger if...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 5QCCh. 21.8 - 1. What are the differences between obstructive...Ch. 21.8 - 2. What are the three subtypes of COPD? What is...Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 3QCCh. 21 - Which of the following are functions of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2CYRCh. 21 - 3. Mark the following statements as true or false....Ch. 21 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 21 - 5. Fill in the blanks: The structures that vibrate...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 8CYRCh. 21 - Match each term with the correct definition....Ch. 21 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 21 - Which of the following does not affect the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12CYRCh. 21 - Fill in the blanks: When the alveolar PO2...Ch. 21 - Prob. 14CYRCh. 21 - Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 21 - 16. Fill in the blanks: Hyperventilation causes...Ch. 21 - The basic rhythm for breathing is maintained by...Ch. 21 - Prob. 18CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 19CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 20CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 21 - 1. When a person hyperventilates, what happens to...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 21 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 21 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 21 - 5. Mrs. Jordan is brought to the emergency room by...Ch. 21 - What happens to the metabolic rate of skeletal...
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- Which of the following can cause metabolic acidosis? heart failure vomiting the acid contents of the stomach prolonged diarrhea hypoventilation hyperventilationarrow_forwardKirsten, a 3-month-old infant, has begun to have frequent loose stools that progress to a watery diarrhea. She is unresponsive, with dry mucous membranes, sunken fontanels, and little, if any, urine output. Respirations are rapid and the heart rate is elevated. Questions 1. What acid-base imbalance is Kirsten experiencing, and how is this affecting her ability to compensate? 2. What is the cause of oliguria, and how does this complicate the situation? 3. How will hydration affect Kirsten's ability to compensate for the acid-base imbalance?arrow_forwardFor each of the following, state whether it might result in dehydration, hypotonic hydration, or edema (discussed in Chapter 18): (a) decreased synthesis of plasma proteins due to liver failure; (b) copious sweating; (c) using ecstasy (MDMA), which promotes ADH secretion.arrow_forward
- Carbon dioxide dissolved in body fluids has a pronounced effect on pH.(a) Does pH go up or down when carbon dioxide dissolves in these fluids? Does this change indicate higher or lower acidity?(b) What does a blood gas analysis measure?arrow_forwardIn an individual with metabolic acidosis, a clue that the respiratory system is compensating is provided by (a) high blood bicarbonate levels, (b) low blood bicarbonate levels, (c) rapid, deep breathing, (d) slow, shallow breathing.arrow_forwardduring sleeping pill overdose which organ will play a role in compensating for respiratory acidosis? Thank youarrow_forward
- Compensation for metabolic alkalosis involves increase in pulmonary ventilation; increase in loss of bicarbonate in urine increase in pulmonary ventilation; decrease in loss of bicarbonate in urine decrease in pulmonary ventilation; decrease in loss of bicarbonate in urine decrease in pulmonary ventilation; increase in loss of bicarbonate in urinearrow_forwardThe concentration of urea in urine is always much higher than the concentration in plasma. Does this mean that urea is secreted? Hint: remember that concentration is a ratio.arrow_forwardAlkalosis can be corrected by which of the following processes? A. ) secretion of bicarbonate ions at the kidneys B. ) release of both ADH and aldosterone hormones C. ) secretion of hydronium ions into the distal tubule D. ) hyperventilated breathing techniques 2. ) The hormone ANP, released by the atrium, will raise blood pressure. True , false Hyperventilation normally has what effect on the bicarbonate buffer system? Group of answer choices A. increases the amount of free H+ ion b. does not normally affect blood pH c. increases the alkalinity of blood d. drives the system toward acidosisarrow_forward
- How is the urine affected when the body compensates for respiratory alkalosis (which can occur when the lungs too efficiently get rid of the carbon dioxide present in the blood, for example during hyperventilation)?arrow_forwardExplain what effect on total protein concentration you would expect to see during dehydration. Would you expect to see an increase in total protein? Why? Explain whether you would expect to see an increase or decrease in total protein concentration in haemorrhage. Would you expect a decrease? Why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding the role of the respiratory system in the acid-base status of the body is NOT TRUE? A. Non-volatile acids are excreted by ventilation B. Volatile acids are excreted by ventilation. OC. Hyperventilation can result in a respiratory alkalosis. D. Hypoventilation can result in a respiratory acidosis OE. Ventilation adjusts the PCO2-bicarbonate buffer system.arrow_forward
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