Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 21.5, Problem 6QC
Summary Introduction
To review:
The change in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood when a person hypoventilates and its effect on the pH of the blood.
Introduction:
Maintenance of pH in the blood depends on the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions (HCO3–). During the dissociation of carbonic acid, hydrogen ions are liberated and it acts as a buffer and reduces the pH difference. pH in the blood is greatly affected by two major changes: hyperventilation and hypoventilation.
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Increasing or decreasing the rate of respiration alters pH by, (a) lowering or raising the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. (b) lowering or raising the partial pressure of oxygen. (c) lowering or raising the partial pressure of nitrogen. (d) a, b, and c are correct.
How does carbonic acid break down into carbon dioxide and water?
respiratory failure refers to inadequate ventilation to provide oxygen to the tissues . How would the pH change in the respiratory failure ?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 21.1 - What are the main structures of the respiratory...Ch. 21.1 - 2. Is the larynx part of the upper or lower...Ch. 21.1 - Where are alveoli? What is their basic function?Ch. 21.1 - 4. List and define the four processes that make...Ch. 21.1 - 5. How does the respiratory system contribute to...Ch. 21.1 - List and describe four functions of the...Ch. 21.2 - Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 21.2 - 2. Describe the external and internal structure...Ch. 21.2 - What happens to the glottis and the pitch of the...Ch. 21.2 - 4. What is the function of the tracheal mucosa?
Ch. 21.2 - How does the epithelium of the bronchial tree...Ch. 21.2 - Trace the pathway from the primary bronchi to the...Ch. 21.2 - 7. What structures make up the respiratory...Ch. 21.2 - Explain the structure of the pleural cavities.Ch. 21.3 - What drives the movement of gases?Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 21.3 - 3. What drives the movement of gases during...Ch. 21.3 - What does the intrapleural pressure prevent under...Ch. 21.3 - 5. How are inspiration and expiration achieved?
Ch. 21.3 - 6. What is airway resistance? What is the main...Ch. 21.3 - How does surfactant decrease surface tension?Ch. 21.3 - 8. What is pulmonary compliance? What three...Ch. 21.3 - 9. What are three measurable pulmonary volumes?
Ch. 21.3 - 10. What is the vital capacity?
Ch. 21.4 - 1. How does the pressure gradient between two gas...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 21.4 - 3. What takes place during pulmonary gas...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 21.4 - What are three factors that influence the...Ch. 21.5 - How is the majority of oxygen transported through...Ch. 21.5 - How do temperature, pH, PCO2, and BPG affect Hbs...Ch. 21.5 - 3. Why is the S shape of the oxygen-hemoglobin...Ch. 21.5 - What are the three ways in which the body...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 21.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 21.6 - 1. Which steps of respiration rely on partial...Ch. 21.7 - 1. Which collection of neurons generates the...Ch. 21.7 - What are the functions of the dorsal and ventral...Ch. 21.7 - 3. Where are the central chemoreceptors located?...Ch. 21.7 - What do the central chemoreceptors trigger if...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 5QCCh. 21.8 - 1. What are the differences between obstructive...Ch. 21.8 - 2. What are the three subtypes of COPD? What is...Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 3QCCh. 21 - Which of the following are functions of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2CYRCh. 21 - 3. Mark the following statements as true or false....Ch. 21 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 21 - 5. Fill in the blanks: The structures that vibrate...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 8CYRCh. 21 - Match each term with the correct definition....Ch. 21 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 21 - Which of the following does not affect the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12CYRCh. 21 - Fill in the blanks: When the alveolar PO2...Ch. 21 - Prob. 14CYRCh. 21 - Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 21 - 16. Fill in the blanks: Hyperventilation causes...Ch. 21 - The basic rhythm for breathing is maintained by...Ch. 21 - Prob. 18CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 19CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 20CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 21 - 1. When a person hyperventilates, what happens to...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 21 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 21 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 21 - 5. Mrs. Jordan is brought to the emergency room by...Ch. 21 - What happens to the metabolic rate of skeletal...
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- What effect would a decrease in the pH of body fluids have on the respiratory rate?arrow_forwardWhen it comes to carbon dioxide, does it go from the blood to the tissues, or does it move from the tissues to the blood? And, if so, why does it move in this way (using partial pressures)?arrow_forwardWhy do you think this change in levels occurs the oxygen levels as blood passes through the lungs?arrow_forward
- A depressed person attempts to commit suicide by taking a whole bottle of sleeping pills. Please explain in-depth why their respiratory muscles are breaking down and what happens with pH.arrow_forwardWhen a person hyperventilates, what happens to his or her blood pH? A person who is hyperventilating is often told to breathe into a paper bag. Why might this help to correct the pH imbalance?arrow_forwardOxygen is mainly carried through blood in what form?arrow_forward
- When the blood passes through the lungs, CO₂ is expelled and the hemoglobin picks up oxygen. Place the following steps in the correct order (1 = first thing to happen), assuming that it is the decreased [CO₂] during exhalation that initiates the transition. Carbonic anhydrase works to restore the CO₂/bicarbonate equilibrium, reducing the [H+] The T-state is less stabilized. Oxygen binds to the hemoglobin. Protons dissociate from the hemoglobin.arrow_forwardHow does a decrease in blood pH affect respiratory rate?How does a decrease in CO2 affect respiratory rate?arrow_forwardwhat is the mechanism by which breathing contributes to the body's control of blood pH? Which set of chemoreceptors are primarily involved?arrow_forward
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