The concentration of urea in urine is always much higher than the concentration in plasma. Does this mean that urea is secreted? Hint: remember that concentration is a ratio.

Q: What is meant by hypo and hypercalciuria ?

A: Calcium is a mineral found in the human body. It is involved in the formation of bones and teeth,…

Q: Give the dissimilarity with the disposition of smooth muscle fibres in the muscularis externa of the…

A: The smooth muscle fibers are interwoven in all directions and, collectively, these are called the…

Q: . Glucose in the urine is called _____________________.

A: Glycosuria : It is a condition characterised by an excess of sugar in the urine, typically…

Q: After eating an undercooked hamburger, a twenty-five-yearold male developed diarrhea due to…

A: Shiga toxin infection occurs due to eating raw uncooked meat of cattle. Escherichia Coli is the…

Q: Explain Basic Renal Processes?

A: Kidney is the chief excretory organ in the humans. Nephrons are the structural and functional unit…

Q: If a substance in the blood is filtered, and not all of it is completely reabsorbed back into the…

A: During the excretion process, the nitrogenous wastes are removed by the filtration process of…

Q: Explain how the nervous system and the excretory system have to work together to maintain water…

A: Hypothalamus controls the activity of the pituitary gland. Pituitary gland is attached to middle of…

Q: Is glucose always present in the urine of normal individuals? Explain your answer.

A: Urine contains water, nitrogenous waste such as urea, ammonia and inorganic salts. It is pale yellow…

Q: Describe the effects of starvation on urea production.

A: During the starvation process, there are several changes occur in the body such as during the…

Q: explain how dilute and concentrated urine are formed

A: The hormone is important to regulate urine concentration and its composition. Hypothalamus gland…

Q: How is uric acid formed? What is the significance of abnormally high concentration of uric acid in…

A: Uric acid is a primary nitrogeneous waste in case of birds, reptiles. It is comparably less toxic…

Q: Explain what effect on total protein concentration you would expect to see during dehydration. Would…

A: Blood is the fluid that carries blood gases, nutrients and other substances into and out of the…

Q: If an individual has decreased acid secretion in urine due to renal failure, how is the pH of the…

A: The cells in the body employ chemical reactions to complete tasks including the conversion of food…

Q: what is the significance of ketone and glucose on pathological constituents when present in urine?

A: Glucose is a monomer of complex carbohydrates. It means glucose is the simplest unit of…

Q: What is the cause of proteinuria?

A: When excess proteins in the urine are known as Proteinuria, urine produces very little protein in…

Q: Explain how urine has a pH ~6, and contains little to no bicarbonate?

A: Urine is a fluid result of metabolism in higher organisms. Urine is majorly made of water, salt,…

Q: List the factors that control renal Na1 and water excretion in response to severe sweating?

A: Ultrafiltration, selective absorption, and reabsorption for nutrients and ions and water during the…

Q: Explain why food affects the ph of the urine but not the ph of the blood

A: Introduction The level of acids and bases in the body at which the body performs at its best is…

Q: explain briefly protein buffer in the body.

A: Acid-Base Balance: Proper physiological functioning of the body depends on a tight balance between…

Q: Explain the three basic components of renal function?

A: the three-basic components of the renal system is glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and…

Q: Compensation for metabolic alkalosis involves

A: increase in loss of bicarbonate in urine

Q: Explain the functions & food sources of Sodium (Na+) ?

A: Sodium ions are necessary in small amounts for some types of plants but sodium as a nutrient is more…

Q: How does angiotensin-II help to restore fluid balance when a person is dehydrated?

A: The relation between the total amount of water entering the organism through the ingestion of…

Q: Describe the process of controlling Plasma Concentrations of MineralIons?

A: Electrolytes or mineral ions in plasma concentrations include sodium, potassium, chloride,…

Q: What is removal of uric acid called?

A: Protein metabolism in the body often results in the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes. These…

Q: Explain Renal Water Regulation?

A: Introduction: Sodium quantities in humans are partially maintained by a hormone known as…

Q: State the percentage of body fluid, and explain the significance of an individual’s percentage…

A: The liquids present in the human body, which are categorized as intracellular and extracellular body…

Q: Glucose in the urine is referred to as _____________.

A: Glucose urine test is used to measure the amount of sugar present in urine sample. Glucose is a main…

Q: What is the clinical significance of the presence of glucose in the urine?

A: a. Glucose is a monosaccharide found in fruits, and it is also derived from the breakdown of…

Q: Why is glucose normally absent from the urine?

A: Urine is a fluid result of digestion in people and in numerous different creatures. Urine streams…

Q: Elevated levels of white blood

A: Urine is the liquid metabolic by product of our body, produced in the kidneys and eliminated through…

Q: What is the cause of sugar elevatedin urine?

A: The presence of sugar, especially glucose, in urine is known as glycosuria. Under normal…

Q: State the implication of a high value of NPN in blood and urine.

A: Hi! Thank you for the question, As per the honor code, we are allowed to answer one question at a…

Q: High serum uric acid levels are linked to _____________,_____________, _____________, _____________,…

A: The breakdown of purines forms the uric acid which is removed by the kidneys as a waste byproduct.…

Q: What are the body fluids in the body that are not secreted?

A: According to physiology, fluid is a liquid which is water based. Body fluids are the fluids or…

Q: How does the composition of urine help to maintain a healthy physiological acid-base balance?

A: Kidneys are the primary organs of excretion, particularly nitrogenous wastes. They are also organs…

Q: Name the organ where urea is produced.

A: Urea is an excretory product which is formed from ammonia, carbon dioxide and aspartate in a…

Q: Explain how prolonged vomiting leads to acidosis anddehydration.

A: In the health care setting, the profession that focuses on care is defined by the term Nursing. This…

Q: is glucose always present in the urine of normal individuals?

A: Glucose is the main source of energy in the body. where blood carries glucose to all the cells of…

Q: Explain briefly what does excess amount of creatinine in urine indicate?

A: Creatinine is a waste product that is produced by the body daily during the movements of muscles and…

Q: What are the two main functions of the loop of Henle? ----------------- A. Create a low salt…

A: The Kidney is broadly divided into two parts ,the outer part is called renal cortex and inner part…

Q: protein present in the urine in acute kidney disease? or can protein in the urine be a marker for…

A: Proteinuria It is defines as abnormal excretion of protein in the urine.  Normal protein excretion…

Q: Explain why not reabsorbing bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Glucose lead to acidosis and polyuria…

A: Acid-base equilibrium: Acid-base equilibrium alludes to the instruments the body uses to keep its…

Q: Why is glucose present in pathological urine? What does the presence of glucose indicate?

A: Glucose metabolism includes glycolysis in which glucose molecules are converted to 2 molecules…

Stress

Stress is defined as the feeling of being overwhelmed or unable to cope with emotional or mental pressure. Any event or action that makes a person annoyed, furious, or nervous can trigger it. Chemical changes in the body caused by stress can cause blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and heart rate to rise.