Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
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Question
Chapter 21, Problem 21.24E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason as to why there would not be second-order diffraction if the first-order diffractions occur at angles greater than
Concept introduction:
A unit cell of the crystal is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms present in the crystal. The unit cell is the smallest and simplest unit of the crystal which on repetition forms an entire crystal. The parameters of a crystal can be obtained experimentally by X-ray diffraction technique.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.1ECh. 21 - Boron nitride, BN, is a very hard material, harder...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.4ECh. 21 - Figure 21.35 shows a unit cell of diamond....Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.6ECh. 21 - How many different unit cells can a crystal have...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.9ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.10E
Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.11ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.12ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.13ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.14ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.15ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.16ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.17ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.18ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.19ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.20ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.21ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.22ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.23ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.24ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.25ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.26ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.27ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.28ECh. 21 - For a simple cubic lattice, what is the ratio of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.30ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.31ECh. 21 - Consider Figure 21.21. If the lower rightmost...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.33ECh. 21 - The aluminum-nickel alloy AlNi has a simple cubic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.35ECh. 21 - The first two signals from a powdered sample has X...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.37ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.38ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.39ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.40ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.41ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.42ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.43ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.44ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.45ECh. 21 - What is the coordination number in the cesium...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.47ECh. 21 - Which solid phase that is, which allotrope of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.49ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.50ECh. 21 - Write Born-Haber cycles showing the relationship...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.52ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.53ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.54ECh. 21 - The lattice energy for potassium iodide, KI, is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.56ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.57ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.58ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.59ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.60ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.61ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.62ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.63ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.64E
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- Below, two x-ray diffraction patterns obtained from two samples of the same material, but different crystal sizes are given. Which of the two (the top or the bottom one) has a smaller crystal size? On what feature of these XRD patterns are you basing your answer? Explain in detail how this feature of the XRD pattern indicates crystal sizearrow_forwardThe surface energy of a single crystal depends on crystallographic orientation. Does this surface energy increase or decrease with an increase in planar density? Why?arrow_forwardBriefly explain the difference between particle and crystal sizearrow_forward
- In X-ray crystallography, a small amount of oil is often used to mount the crystal sample on a glass fiber. Explain why neither the oil nor the glass fiber interferes with the diffraction pattern of the crystal.arrow_forwardI am given a sample of an unknown metal X. The density of the metal is 8.90g/cm3. X-ray diffraction studies determine that the packaging of the metal is face centered cubic, and they also measure the radius of X to be 128pm. Find the identity of X.arrow_forwardElemental silver reflects X-rays of wavelength 154.18 pm at angles of 19.076°, 22.171°, and 32.256°. However, there are no other reflections at angles of less than 33°. Assuming a cubic unit cell, determine its type and dimension. Calculate the mass density of silver. Hint: Calculate the expected reflections from different types of cubic unit cell and compare those with the data given.arrow_forward
- Do X-ray diffraction structures correspond to their solution structure?arrow_forward(e) Platinum has an FCC crystal structure. The atomic radius of platinum is 0.1387 nm. An X-ray diffractometer with a monochromatic radiation of wavelength 0.1542 nm is used is used to analyze a sample of the metal. i. Which of the following planes will produce a peak: (110), (211), or (113)? ii. For the plane producing a peak, calculate its diffraction angle.arrow_forwardA crystalline sample has a diffraction peak at 17.2°. What is the corresponding d space in pm? Assume n = 1 and A = 71.1 pm. Report your answer to the ones place.arrow_forward
- Calculate the first-order (n=1) Bragg diffraction angle for 110.0 pm X-rays passing through a crystalline lattice having a spacing between adjacent molecular layers of 189.0 pm.arrow_forwardExplain how planes of lattice points are labelled.arrow_forwardA hypothetical metal made up of one chemical element has a BCC crystal structure. A diffractometer with monochromatic x-radiation having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm is used to examine the crystal structure of this metal. Given the atomic radius of this metal is 0.1363 nm, determine the expected diffraction angle for the first order reflection from the (110) set of planes.arrow_forward
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