EBK ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: THE UNITY OF
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220102796409
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 21, Problem 15TYR
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The human body follows several defense mechanisms to protect our body from foreign substances that cause infection to the host cell. One of the most is the complement system. It is a collection of cell surface proteins and blood. It involves both innate and adaptive immunity. It consists of more than 30 complement proteins that act sequentially to eliminate the pathogenic microbes.
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Three effects of complement activation:
(1) inflammation
(2) opsonization
(3) cytolysis of pathogens.
Describe the three effects in at least one complete sentence for each.
You should clearly explain *how* complement activation results in the three different effects.
Cytokines are released by phagocytes to initiate inflammation and ____________.
attract more of other phagocytes
interfere with chemotaxis
engulf microbes
attach to the cell surface for phagocytosis
more than one of these additional functions
none of these- it is only for inflammation
what will happen to the human body system when a microorganism invading the body lacks the inherent ability to activate complement or bind to phagocytes.
Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: THE UNITY OF
Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 5AYLO
Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 15AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 6BYGOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 15AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 18AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 19AYLOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 21.3 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21BYGOCh. 21.5 - Prob. 22BYGOCh. 21.5 - Prob. 23BYGOCh. 21.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 21.5 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 21.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 21.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 21.5 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 21.5 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 24BYGOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 25BYGOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 26BYGOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 27BYGOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 28BYGOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 21 - The only lymphatic organ with both afferent and...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 21 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 21 - Which of these is a macrophage? a. a microglial...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 21 - Which of the following correctly stales the order...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 21 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 21 - Which of the following results from a lack of...Ch. 21 - Any microorganism capable of causing disease is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 21 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 21 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 21 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 21 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 21 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 21 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 21 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 21 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 21 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 21 - crino-Ch. 21 - extra-Ch. 21 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 21 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 21 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 21 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 21 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 21 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 21 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 21 - Prob. 1TFCh. 21 - Prob. 2TFCh. 21 - Prob. 3TFCh. 21 - Prob. 4TFCh. 21 - Prob. 5TFCh. 21 - Prob. 6TFCh. 21 - Prob. 7TFCh. 21 - Prob. 8TFCh. 21 - Prob. 9TFCh. 21 - Prob. 10TFCh. 21 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 21 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 21 - A girl with a defective heart receives a new heart...Ch. 21 - A burn research center uses mice for studies of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5TYC
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- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a disease characterized by lysis of red blood cells, which results from the loss of____ on the cell surface, making them susceptible to the____ complement pathway.arrow_forwardEach is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT interference with viral replication. bacterial cell lysis. increased blood vessel permeability opsonization. increased phagocytic activity.arrow_forwardTrue/False: The classical and lectin pathways of complement activation converge at the step of C3 activation. However, the initiating steps of each pathway use protein components and enzymatic mechanisms that share no similarity with each other.arrow_forward
- Natural killer cells are part of ______________ immunity. adaptive innatearrow_forwardThe complement system supplements the inflammatory response by directly killing microorganisms. Describe the life cycle of complement proteins, from their synthesis in the liver to their activity in the site of an infection.arrow_forwardLymphocytes that bind to autoantigens are eliminated by the process of __________.arrow_forward
- Some bacterial cells avoid the killing effects of activated complement proteins. How might they do this?arrow_forwardPart of the complement system of defense is opsonization. This processarrow_forwardLymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are __________lymphocytes. We put everything in our mouth since our childhood. Therefore our mouth is full of live bacteria. These bacteria are potentially dangerous if they cross our gut wall into our blood circulation. Fortunately we are protected from them by our gut's mucosal lining and the cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, B and T lymphocytes) in the lymphoid tissue called [a] (enter two words). This structure play a crucial role for the development of food tolerance or food [b] (enter one word), coeliac disease and chronic inflammatory bowel disease.arrow_forward
- The fundamental reason for the four cardinal signs of inflammation is because of a high level of ___ in the area of cell damage.arrow_forwardIn order for T cells to bind to an antigen _____________ must occur.arrow_forwardThe endothelial cells found closest to the site of an infection express proteins called lectins. Each lectin binds to a particular ____________ that is presented on the surface of a target cell.arrow_forward
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