Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named and it is reducing sugar or not is to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
The naming of the reducing and nonreducing sugars is done on the basis of position of hydroxyl group present at each carbon atom in the sugar which is classified on the basis of alpha, beta, D and L sugars. The sugar which has free
The name of the sugar is determined on the basis of position of hydroxyl group which is given as,
- The sugar containing hydroxyl group on the carbon atom connected to methanol group on the right side is name as D sugar.
- The sugar containing hydroxyl group on the carbon atom connected to methanol group on the left side is name as L sugar.
- The sugar containing hydroxyl group on the carbon atom connected to oxygen atom at equatorial position is said to be alpha sugar.
- The sugar containing hydroxyl group on the carbon atom connected to oxygen atom at axial position is said to be beta sugar.
- The name of alkyl group attached to the hydroxyl groups written before the name of sugar.
Reducing sugar is the sugar which is capable to act as a reducing agent. The sugar which contains aldehyde and ketone groups in free state acts as reducing sugar and the sugar which does not contain aldehyde and ketone group in free state are known as nonreducing sugars.
(b)
Interpretation:
The name of the given compound and it is reducing sugar or not is to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
The naming of the reducing and nonreducing sugars is done on the basis of position of hydroxyl group present at each carbon atom in the sugar which is classified on the basis of alpha, beta, D and L sugars. The sugar which has free aldehyde or ketone groups acts as reducing sugar.
The name of the sugar is determined on the basis of position of hydroxyl group which is given as,
- The sugar containing hydroxyl group on the carbon atom connected to methanol group on the right side is name as D sugar.
- The sugar containing hydroxyl group on the carbon atom connected to methanol group on the left side is name as L sugar.
- The sugar containing hydroxyl group on the carbon atom connected to oxygen atom at equatorial position is said to be alpha sugar.
- The sugar containing hydroxyl group on the carbon atom connected to oxygen atom at axial position is said to be beta sugar.
- The name of alkyl group attached to the hydroxyl groups written before the name of sugar.
Reducing sugar is the sugar which is capable to act as a reducing agent. The sugar which contains aldehyde and ketone groups in free state acts as reducing sugar and the sugar which does not contain aldehyde and ketone group in Free State are known as non-reducing sugars.
(c)
Interpretation:
The name of the given compound and it is reducing sugar or not is to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
The naming of the reducing and nonreducing sugars is done on the basis of position of hydroxyl group present at each carbon atom in the sugar which is classified on the basis of alpha, beta, D and L sugars. The sugar which has free aldehyde or ketone groups acts as reducing sugar.
The name of the sugar is determined on the basis of position of hydroxyl group which is given as,
- The sugar containing hydroxyl group on the carbon atom connected to methanol group on the right side is name as D sugar.
- The sugar containing hydroxyl group on the carbon atom connected to methanol group on the left side is name as L sugar.
- The sugar containing hydroxyl group on the carbon atom connected to oxygen atom at equatorial position is said to be alpha sugar.
- The sugar containing hydroxyl group on the carbon atom connected to oxygen atom at axial position is said to be beta sugar.
- The name of alkyl group attached to the hydroxyl groups written before the name of sugar.
Reducing sugar is the sugar which is capable to act as a reducing agent. The sugar which contains aldehyde and ketone groups in free state acts as reducing sugar and the sugar which does not contain aldehyde and ketone group in free state are known as nonreducing sugars.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 20 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
- Predict the products formed when the following sugars react with excess acetic anhydrideand pyridine.(a) a-d-glucopyranosearrow_forwardDraw the product that is obtained from the reaction of cholesterol with the following reagents a. H2, Pd/C b. acetyl chloride c. H2SO4, ∆ d. H2O, H+ e. a peroxyacidarrow_forwardWhat is the distinctive molecular composition of reducing sugars?arrow_forward
- 1. What are the names of A and B. 2. If the 5’OH group was phosphorylated with triphosphate, what would the names then be (provide the full names of both A and B)?arrow_forwardClassify each compound as a reducing or nonreducing sugar.arrow_forwardPredict the products formed when the following sugars react with excess acetic anhydrideand pyridine.(a) a-d-glucopyranose (b) b-d-ribofuranosearrow_forward
- What are the products when D-ribose is treated under the following conditions? 1) NH2OH, CH3OH, CH3ONa 2) Ac2O, 100 C 3) CH3OH, CH3ONa 4) H2O, H3O+ What are the products when D-ribose is treated under the following conditions? 1) Br2 / H2O 2) Ca(OH)2 3) Fe2(SO4)3 4) H2O2.arrow_forwardWhy pyranises and furanoses are most common forms of sugarsarrow_forwardDraw the structure of the expected product when monosaccharide A undergomutarotation upon dissolving in water in the presence of Tollens reagent (AgNO3,NH4OH).arrow_forward
- What is the function of lyases? a. to catalyze redox reactions b. They catalyze reactions in which H₂O, NH3 and CO2 groups are removed c. They catalyze hydrolysis reactions. D. transfer active groupsarrow_forwardd-(-)-Erythrose has the formula HOCH2¬CH(OH)¬CH(OH)¬CHO, and the d in its name implies that it can be degraded to d-(+)-glyceraldehyde. The (-) in its name implies that d-(-)-erythrose is optically active (levorotatory). When d-(-)-erythrose is reduced (using H2 and a nickel catalyst), it gives an optically inactive product of formula HOCH2¬CH(OH)¬CH(OH)¬CH2OH. Knowing the absolute configuration of d-(+)-glyceraldehyde (Section 5-14), determine the absolute configuration of d-(-)-erythrose.arrow_forwardDraw the structure of the expected product when monosaccharide A undergo mutarotation upon dissolving in water in the presence of Tollens reagent (AgNO3, NH4OH).arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningMacroscale and Microscale Organic ExperimentsChemistryISBN:9781305577190Author:Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. MastersPublisher:Brooks Cole
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning