Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042282
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 71P
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the rearrangement that converts an α-hydroxyimine to α-aminoketone in the presence of trace amount of acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Keto-enol tautomerism” is defined as the rearrangement to a chemical equilibrium between a keto form and an enol.  The enol and keto forms are said to be tautomers of each other.

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The following three derivatives of succinimide are anticonvulsants and have found use in the treatment of epilepsy, particularly petit mal seizures. Ph Ph `N' `N' ČH3 ČH3 Methsuximide Ethosuximide Phensuximide Following is a synthesis of phensuximide. CN Ph CN Ph CN 1. NaOH, H2O 2. HC, Н20 NaOEt KCN Ph-CHO cOOEt H cOOEt NC COOEt 3. Нeat Ethyl cyanoacetate (A) (B) Benzaldehyde Ph Ph Ph CH;NH2 НООС СООН Et0oC COOEt `N' (C) (D) ČH3 Phensuximide Methsuximide is formed by a similar pathway to that shown for phensuximide. Draw the structure of the compound that reacts with ethyl cyanoacetate in the synthesis of methsuximide.
The following three derivatives of succinimide are anticonvulsants and have found use in the treatment of epilepsy, particularly petit mal seizures. Ph. Ph `N' ČH3 ČH3 Methsuximide Ethosuximide Phensuximide Following is a synthesis of phensuximide. CN Ph CN Ph CN NaOEt KCN 1. NaOH, H2O Ph-CHO 2. HС, Н20 COOET H cOOEt NC COOEt 3. Нeat Ethyl cyanoacetate (A) (B) Benzaldehyde Ph. Ph Ph CH3NH2 НООС СООН EtOOC COOET `N' (C) (D) ČH3 Phensuximide In the conversion of (B) to (C), draw the structure of the product of step 1.
When an α-hydroxy amide is treated with Br2 in aqueous NaOH under Hofmann rearrangement conditions, loss of CO2 occurs and a chain-shortened aldehyde is formed. The mechanism involves the following steps: Base abstracts an acidic amide proton, yielding amide anion 1; The amide anion reacts with bromine in an α-substitution reaction to give N-bromoamide 2. Abstraction of the remaining amide proton by base gives a resonance-stabilized bromoamide anion 3; Rearrangement occurs to yield isocyanate 4; Water adds to the isocyanate to yield carbamic acid 5; Elimination of CO2 yields carbinolamine 6; Following proton transfer, expulsion of ammonia yields the final product aldehyde. Write out the mechanism and then draw the structures of bromoamide anion 3 and amide anion 1.

Chapter 20 Solutions

Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)

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