Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 20, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Body pattern determines the positioning and orientation of different features of the body. Different morphological structures and their spatial orientation are determined by homeotic genes. The spatial order of expression of homeotic genes in the embryo of Drosophila is correlated with the order of homeotic genes in the organism.
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The anterior structure of the Drosophila is promoted by which of the following events?*
a. nanos proteins block the transcription of the caudal gene.
b. caudal proteins promote the transcription of the bicoid gene.
c. bicoid proteins promote transcription of the hunchback gene.
d. hunchback proteins block the transcription of the caudal gene.
The posterior structures of the Drosophila is promoted by which of the following events?*
a. caudal proteins block the transcription of the bicoid gene.
b. bicoid proteins block transcription of the hunchback gene.
c. nanos proteins promote the transcription of the caudal gene.
d. hunchback proteins promote the transcription of the caudal gene.
Master regulatory genes play critical roles in development. Predict the MOST likely fate of a fly embryo where master regulatory genes were nonfunctional due to mutation.
A. Cell division would stop, and the embryo would halt development.
B. The embryo would be a collection of undifferentiated cells because they never get the message that will send them down a determination pathway.
C. The embryo would be a combination of differentiated and undifferentiated cells because, even in the absence of a functional master regulatory gene, some cells will differentiate on their own.
D. The embryo would continue to develop, but there is a high probability that some limbs may end up in the wrong place in the adult.
What factor does NOT contribute to establishment of the hunchback gradient in the Drosophila embryo?
O a. maternal source of hunchback mRNA
O b.nanos
O c. bicoid
O d. caudal
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 20.1 - 20.1 General Themes in Development Concept Check:...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 20.2 - Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation...Ch. 20.2 - Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20.2 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 20.2 - Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation Core...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...
Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.4 - Development in Plants Concept Check: Where are...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20 - The process whereby a cells morphology and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2TYCh. 20 - Positional information is important in determining...Ch. 20 - Morphogens are a. molecules that disrupt normal...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5TYCh. 20 - Arrange the following phases of pattern formation...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7TYCh. 20 - Which of the following genes do not play a role in...Ch. 20 - An embryonic stem cell that can give rise to any...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10TYCh. 20 - Prob. 1CQCh. 20 - The MyoD gene in mammals plays a role in muscle...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3CQCh. 20 - Prob. 1COQCh. 20 - Is it possible for a phenotypically normal female...
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- The anteriorposterior axis of a Drosophila embryo is first established by certain (a) homeotic genes (b) maternal effect genes (c) segmentation genes (d) proto-oncogenes (e) pairrule genesarrow_forwardIn flies developing from eggs laid by a nanos−mother, development of the abdomen is inhibited.Flies developing from eggs that have no maternallysupplied hunchback mRNA are normal. Flies developing from eggs laid by a nanos− mother that alsohave no maternally supplied hunchback mRNA arenormal. If too much Hunchback protein accumulatesin the posterior of the egg, abdominal developmentis prevented.a. What do these findings say about the function ofthe Nanos protein and of the hunchback maternallysupplied mRNA?b. What do these findings say about the efficiency ofbiological processes that are subject to evolution?arrow_forwardA key event that initially determines female or male development in Drosophila is the a. transcription of the Sxl gene. b. alternative splicing of the Sxl pre-mRNA. c. expression of the ix gene. d. expression of the her gene.arrow_forward
- a. The eyeless gene is required for eye formation in Drosophila. It encodes a homeodomain. What would you predict about the biochemical function of the Eyeless protein?b. Where would you predict that the eyeless gene is expressed in development? How would you test your prediction? c. The Small eye and Aniridia genes of mice and humans, respectively, encode proteins with very strong sequence similarity to the fly Eyeless protein, and they are named for their effects on eye development. Devise one test to examine whether the mouse and human genes are functionally equivalent to the fly eyeless gene.arrow_forwardThe early Drosophila embryo is a syncytium. Why is this significant? O a. it allows the segment polarity proteins, Wingless and Hedgehog, to function as morphogens to establish the segmental boundaries O b. it allows the establishment of transcription factor gradients, which provide positional information O c. it eliminates the need for localized cytoplasmic determinants O d. all of the abovearrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a maternal-effect gene and a zygotic gene? Of the following genes that play a role in Drosophila development, which are maternal-effect genes and which are zygotic? Explain your answer. A. nanos B. Antp C. bicoid D. labarrow_forward
- Which of the following genes is transcribed in the Drosophila embryo? O a. bicoid O b. germ cell-less Oc. bindin d. even-skippedarrow_forwardDescribe the formation steps of the primary axis that first occurs during development in Drosophila by explaining each molecule.arrow_forwardThe eyes of Drosophila develop from imaginal discs, groups of cells set aside in the fly embryo that differentiate into the adult structures during the pupal stage. Despite their importance in nature, eyes are dispensable for fruitfly life in the laboratory. Devise a genetic screen to identify genes directing development of the fly eye. What complications might arise from genetic screens targeting an organ that differentiates late in development?arrow_forward
- Explain what a morphogen is, and describe how it exerts its effects. What do you expect will happen when a morphogen is expressed in the wrong place in an embryo? List five examples of morphogens that function in Drosophila.arrow_forwardIn flies, the gap gene kruppel is expressed in a broad band in the middle of the embryo with giant expressed as its anterior border and knirps at its posterior border. How is the expression of kruppel limited to this band in the embryo? Describe the spatial regulation of the kruppel gene.arrow_forwardIf a Drosophila larva is missing much of its posterior end it is likely due to a mutation che: A. maternal bicoid gene. B. zygotic bicoid gene. C. maternal nanos gene. D. zygotic nanos gene.arrow_forward
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