Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 20, Problem 48P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The Calvin cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway should be compared.
Concept introduction:
The steps in Calvin cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway are analyzed to identify the similarities and differences between them.
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Explain how CO2 is "fixed" by the Calvin cycle and converted into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. (i.e. explain how the whole Calvin cycle works)
Statement 1: In the Calvin Cycle, two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are produced if two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed.
Statement 2: If the carbon fixation phase of the Calvin Cycle begins with 6 molecules of ribulose bisphosphate and 6 molecules of carbon dioxide, 2 out of 12 molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate made at the end of the reduction phase are used in carbohydrate production while the remaining 10 molecules are needed to keep the Calvin Cycle turning by regenerating ribulose bisphosphate.
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Statement 1 is true. Statement 2 is false.
Statement 1 is false. Statement 2 is true.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false
Describe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain.
Discuss how the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle act synergistically to produce food for plants.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1PCh. 20 - Prob. 2PCh. 20 - Prob. 3PCh. 20 - Prob. 4PCh. 20 - Prob. 5PCh. 20 - Prob. 6PCh. 20 - Prob. 7PCh. 20 - Prob. 8PCh. 20 - Prob. 9PCh. 20 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 20 - Prob. 11PCh. 20 - Prob. 12PCh. 20 - Prob. 13PCh. 20 - Prob. 14PCh. 20 - Prob. 15PCh. 20 - Prob. 16PCh. 20 - Prob. 17PCh. 20 - Prob. 18PCh. 20 - Prob. 19PCh. 20 - Prob. 20PCh. 20 - Prob. 21PCh. 20 - Prob. 22PCh. 20 - Prob. 23PCh. 20 - Prob. 24PCh. 20 - Prob. 25PCh. 20 - Prob. 26PCh. 20 - Prob. 27PCh. 20 - Prob. 28PCh. 20 - Prob. 29PCh. 20 - Prob. 30PCh. 20 - Prob. 31PCh. 20 - Prob. 32PCh. 20 - Prob. 33PCh. 20 - Prob. 34PCh. 20 - Prob. 35PCh. 20 - Prob. 36PCh. 20 - Prob. 37PCh. 20 - Prob. 38PCh. 20 - Prob. 39PCh. 20 - Prob. 40PCh. 20 - Prob. 41PCh. 20 - Prob. 42PCh. 20 - Prob. 43PCh. 20 - Prob. 44PCh. 20 - Prob. 45PCh. 20 - Prob. 46PCh. 20 - Prob. 47PCh. 20 - Prob. 48P
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following scenarios does not occur during the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle? Hide answer choices Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated by ATP to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Each molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is reduced to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by the addition of two electrons from NADPH. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into Ribulose bisphosphate. Some of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules are used in carbohydrate production.arrow_forwardCorrectly identify the process, product, or requirement at each indicated step in the Calvin cycle diagram. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Reducing power input Removal of 6 C for biosynthesis Various sugar rearrangements Regeneration of CO₂ acceptor and energy input Carboxylation Energy input 6 CÔ, 6 ATP 6 Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (30 carbons) RubisCO 6 Ribulose Phosphoribulokinase 123-Phospho- glycerate (36 carbons) 5-phosphate (30 carbons) 10 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (30 carbons) Overall stoichiometry: 6 CO₂ + 12 NADPH + 18 ATP- +12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + 17 P 12 ATP 121,3-Bisphospho- glycerate (36 carbons) 12 NAD(P)H 12 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (36 carbons) Fructose 6-phosphate (6 carbons) To biosynthesis Reset Help C₂H₁₂O(PO₂H₂)arrow_forward. Discuss the similarities and differences between the Calvin cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway.arrow_forward
- Explain why both ATP and NADPH are required for the operation of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, and why these two reactants are required in different amounts.arrow_forwardPhotorespiration is a multienzyme bypass of the Calvin cycle's CO2 fixation process in plants and all other oxygenic phototrophs. This bypass removes and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a damaging by- product of photosynthesis in the presence of 02, which is formed when 02 substitutes CO2 in the CO2 fixation pathway. Discuss the situation of fixing 02 (oxygen) rather than CO2 (carbon dioxide) in plants.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the Calvin-Benson cycle is TRUE?arrow_forward
- Calculate the energy cost of the Calvin cycle combined with glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, that is, the ratio of the energy spent synthesizing starch from CO2 and photosynthetically produced NADPH and ATP to the energy generated by the complete oxidation of starch. Assume that each NADPH is energetically equivalent to 2.5 ATP and that starch biosynthesis and breakdown are mechanistically identical to glycogen synthesis and break down.arrow_forwardCan you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? NADH and NADPH provide important reducing and bond building capabilities. NADPH production occurs in ["pentose phosphate pathway", "glycolysis"] and ["photosynthesis", "fatty acid breakdown"] and provides important biosynthetic capabilities, including ["reduction steps of the Calvin cycle", "steps in gluconeogenesis"]. NADPH also serves an important role in red blood cells, reducing ["glutathione dimers to monomers", "flavin adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form)"] so that is can eliminate reactive molecules, such as ["hydrogen peroxide", "H+, hydrogen ion"] from damaging cellular components.arrow_forwardAn organism growing on a 12 carbon primary alcohol would employ the following order of pathways and processes to produce ribose: a. Calvin Cycle, Kreb’s Cycle, Glycolysis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway b. Terminal oxidation to the corresponding 12 carbon carboxylic acid, Glycolysis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway c. Terminal oxidation to the corresponding 12 carbon carboxylic acid, beta oxidation, Kreb’s Cycle, Gluconeogenesis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway d. Calvin Cycle, Gluconeogenesis, Pentose Phosphate Pathwayarrow_forward
- Iodoacetate reacts irreversibly with the free -SH groups of cysteine residues in proteins. List which Calvin cycle enzyme(s) you would predict to be inhibited by iodoacetate, and briefly explain whyarrow_forwardWhat is the significance of substrate-level phosphorylation reactions? Which of the reactions in the citric acid cycle involve a substrate-level phosphorylation? Name another example from a biochemical pathway with which you are familiar.arrow_forwardAn organism growing on a 12 carbon primary alcohol would employ the following order of pathways and processes to produce ribose: a. Calvin Cycle, Kreb’s Cycle, Glycolysis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway b. Terminal oxidation to the corresponding 12 carbon carboxylic acid, Glycolysis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway c. Terminal oxidation to the corresponding 12 carbon carboxylic acid, beta oxidation, Kreb’s Cycle, Gluconeogenesis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway d. Calvin Cycle, Gluconeogenesis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are not used by many bacteria as sulfur and nitrogen sources because these compounds are too __________, a. insoluble. b. toxic. c. reduced. d. expensive. Obligate anaerobes would be found growing a. throughout a tube of thioglycolate medium. b. only at the very top of a tube of thioglycolate medium. c. only at the bottom of a tube of thioglycolate medium.…arrow_forward
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