Evolution
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781605356051
Author: Douglas Futuyma, Mark Kirkpatrick
Publisher: SINAUER
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Chapter 19, Problem 7PDT
Summary Introduction
To determine: The ways to test hypotheses that different factors may be responsible for the decline or extinction of a group.
Introduction: The diversification rate of different species increase when members of that species come in contact with a new geography. For insects to evolve, adaptation is the key feature that can enable them to survive in their new niche.
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Which of the following best describes the biological significance of genetic diversity between populations? A) Genes for traits conferring an advantage to local conditions are unlikely. B) Diseases and parasites are not spread between separated populations. C) Genetic diversity reduces the probability of extinction. D) The population that is most fit would survive by competitive exclusion.
Which of the following is TRUE in a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
a) The genotype that has the greatest selective advantage (i.e. evolutionary
benefit) will increase in frequency over generations.
O b) The genotype and allele frequency will remain nearly constant over
generations.
O c) The rate of mutation and the rate of migration are roughly equal.
O d) The population will drastically decrease in size as the result of a bottleneck
event.
If the phylogenetic species concept (PSC) were used to define species, rather than the biological species concept (BSC), how might that change the estimates of species diversity (numbers of species) on a worldwide basis?
True or False: Estimates of species diversity are likely to change if the PSC is used. In particular, one would expect the number of species to increase. This is because individuals from divergent allopatric populations that can potentially interbreed would belong to the same species under the BSC. These same organisms would be classified as members of different species under the PSC.
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following is TRUE in a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? O a) The population will drastically decrease in size as a result of a bottleneck event. O b) The recessive allele will decrease in frequency over generations until it disappears. c) The genotype that has the greatest selective advantage (i.e. evolutionary benefit) will increase in frequency over generations. d) The rate of mutation and the rate of migration are roughly equal. O e) The genotype and allele frequency will remain nearly constant over generations.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about sympatric speciation is correct? It is a process through which two populations can diverge and develop reproductive isolation while in two different geographic area. It is the most common mechanism for populations to form independent species. Postzygotic isolation is the main form of reproductive isolation for the sympatric speciation process. Genetic isolation through large scale chromosomal mutations, such as chromosome inversion or polyploidy, are more likely contributing to sympatric speciation. None of the abovearrow_forwardHow do demographic factors affect population size? Are the effects of thesefactors mutually exclusive? And when does coevolution happen? How does it differ from convergent evolution?arrow_forward
- How does one species diverge from another? (When do we call a group a new species—and how does that process happen?) Using anole lizards or another very specific example(s), compare and contrast microevolutionary processes with speciation. As you discuss speciation, be sure to compare and contrast sympatric speciation with allopatric speciation and say whether the example you’ve chosen is allopatric or sympatric.arrow_forwardConsider the following scenario. A large population of lizards occupies an extensive range that is relatively uniform ecologically (i.e., in terms of climate and co-occurring species). At a certain point in time, the ancestral population becomes divided down the middle into two similar-sized portions by a barrier that completely prevents the movement of lizards between the descendant populations. Around the same time, a major flood occurs, and a small number of individuals have swept away from the mainland on floating debris and arrive alive on a small offshore island that has no lizards of this species. The habitat on the island is similar to their homeland, but not identical (the climate is slightly different, many mainland species of plants and animals are absent, and a few island species of plants and animals are different from any present on the mainland. Thus, there are now three separate populations. Compare and contrast the expected evolutionary consequences for these…arrow_forwardHow would you predict an evolutionary shift from horizontal to vertical transmission of a symbiont in a mutualism would affect the following: 1) partner dependence, 2) partner fitness conflict, and 3) partner genomes. Clearly explain the logic behind your predictions How would you predict an evolutionary shift from horizontal to vertical transmission of a symbiont in a mutualism would affect the following: 1) partner dependence, 2) partner fitness conflict, and 3) partner genomes. Clearly explain the logic behind your predictionsarrow_forward
- Consider the following scenario. A large population of lizards occupies an extensive range that is relatively uniform ecologically (i.e., in terms of climate and co-occurring species). At a certain point in time, the ancestral population becomes divided down the middle into two similar-sized portions by a barrier that completely prevents the movement of lizards between the descendant populations. Around the same time, a major flood occurs, and a small number of individuals are swept away from the mainland on floating debris and arrive alive on a small offshore island that has no lizards of this species. The habitat on the island is similar to their homeland, but not identical (the climate is slightly different, many mainland species of plants and animals are absent, and a few island species of plants and animals are different from any present on the mainland. Thus, there are now three separate populations. Compare and contrast the expected evolutionary consequences for these…arrow_forwardSometimes physical elements can prevent several of the individual composing an original population from mating with each other on a regular basis, eventually engendering different species. This process is called: Question 5 options: A) Gene flow. B) Genetic Drift. C) Speciation. D) Allopatric Speciation. E) Sympathetic speciation.arrow_forwardWhat is Sympatric speciation? A) When a population is separated from the main group by a barrier and becomes a new species B) When a population mutates into a new species C) When a population develops into a new species without any physical barriers to isolate themarrow_forward
- Which of these options is NOT an example of a hypothesis that supports the occurrence of ecological speciation: ecologically divergent pairs of populations should be more reproductively isolated from one another than more ecologically similar pairs of populations traits that lead to divergent adaptations between populations should lead to reproductive isolation between those populations as well levels of gene flow between ecologically divergent populations should decrease as populations become more ecologically divergent ecologically divergent populations should differ in use of signals that relate to mate selectionarrow_forwardCan someone please help me with multiple choice question, please choose the best that fits, Thank you 1)In which of the following situation would you expect to find the largest number of K-selected individuals? A) temporary pools that form afer rain showers but dry up within 2-4 weeks B) sand dunes that shift continually with the wind C) a prairie(grassland) ecosystem right after a fire D)a temperature stable lake that has existed in the same location for many generationsarrow_forwardWhat are the most common mechanisms of sympatric speciation and in which major group of organisms does this happen most often? Distinguish between sympatric, allopatric and parapatric speciation. What is considered the (far) more common mechanism of species formation? What does "gene flow" between populations mean?arrow_forward
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