Evolution
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781605356051
Author: Douglas Futuyma, Mark Kirkpatrick
Publisher: SINAUER
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Chapter 19, Problem 2PDT
Summary Introduction
To review: The factors responsible for differences among different taxa in the number of extant species.
Introduction: Extant species refers to the group of species still existing in the present era. Studying diversity with the help of fossil records may help to study the differences among extant species. The rate of origination,
Summary Introduction
To predict: The methods to determine factors responsible for differences among different taxa in the number of extant species.
Introduction: Studying diversity with the help of fossil records may help to study the differences among extant species. Extant species refers to the group of species still existing in the present era. The rate of origination, speciation, and extinction also has a significant impact on the number of extant species.
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If the phylogenetic species concept (PSC) were used to define species, rather than the biological species concept (BSC), how might that change the estimates of species diversity (numbers of species) on a worldwide basis?
True or False: Estimates of species diversity are likely to change if the PSC is used. In particular, one would expect the number of species to increase. This is because individuals from divergent allopatric populations that can potentially interbreed would belong to the same species under the BSC. These same organisms would be classified as members of different species under the PSC.
The biological species concept depends on the existence of barriers to reproduction. What are they? Does this species concept apply in all situations? Think of an example from nature where the biological species concept would NOT be that applicable. Which species concept would be better in this example?
How does speciation occur? What environmental factors might contribute to speciation? Can an individual speciate? Use terminology for the two kinds of speciation we have learned about.
What is “gene flow”? What does it mean if there is NO gene flow?
Two groups of individuals are separated by either side of a canyon. One researcher found that they do not cross the canyon at any point. The group on the north side have fluffy tails and thicker coats, and they do not eat moss. The south side individuals eat moss almost exclusively, have a thin coat and tail, but otherwise are generally identical. When in the lab they mated successfully, and the offspring of that mating also mated…
Observe the three species of fruit fly and their evolutionary relationships in the tree below:
Fly species 1
MRCA of fly
species 1 & 2
Fly species 2
Note that the three fly species have the following characteristics:
Fly species 1: white eyes, lots of leg bristles, striped wings
Fly species 2: red eyes, lots of leg bristles, striped wings
Distant relative: white eyes, lots of leg bristles, plain wings
Distant relative
Q3. What are the most likely characteristics of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of fly species 1 and
fly species 2, labeled in the diagram above?
Lots of leg bristles; can't tell on the other two traits
Lots of leg bristles, striped wings; can't tell on eye color
Lots of leg bristles, striped wings, red eyes
Lots of leg bristles, striped wings, white eyes
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