Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 4MC
In modern systematics, classifications are expected to
- a. group organisms that share similar appearance.
- b. include Linnaean taxanomic ranks.
- c. reflect evolutionary history.
- d. never change once established.
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Clarify the following concepts: Note that this is not just a listing of definitions.
a. Identification
b. Nomenclature
c. Classification
d. Taxonomy
e. Systematics
Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary descent of taxa. It refers to the relationship between ancestors and descendants and relationships among descendant taxa. It shows the lineage of taxa which can be summarized in a branching diagram called a phylogenetic tree.a. express some basic evolutionary relationships among groups of microorganisms, plants, and animals;
b. illustrate the relationship of organisms with their environment; and
c. analyze environmental factors contributing to biodiversity richness and loss
Monophyletic groups are desirable in classification as they
Select one:
a.reflect evolutionary relationships
b. minimise name changes from old to new classifications
c. result in fewer groups and are therefore more parsimonious
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 19.1 - Analysis of human chromosome 2 revealed that it...Ch. 19.1 - Origin of a Killer Analysis of nucleotide...Ch. 19.1 - explain why scientific names are necessary?Ch. 19.1 - describe the type of similarities that...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 19.2 - explain how scientists discovered that prokaryotes...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 19.3 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 19 - Prob. 1MCCh. 19 - To be informative for reconstructing the phylogeny...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3MCCh. 19 - In modern systematics, classifications are...Ch. 19 - Which of the following includes all the domains...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 19 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 19 - In Linnaean classification, the eight major...Ch. 19 - Systematists determine the evolutionary...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 19 - The number of named species is about ________, but...Ch. 19 - What contributions did Linnaeus and Darwin make to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2RQCh. 19 - What techniques might you use to determine whether...Ch. 19 - Only a small fraction of the total number of...Ch. 19 - In England, daddy longlegs refers to a long-legged...Ch. 19 - Why are species designations of asexually...Ch. 19 - Applying the Concepts The pressures created by...Ch. 19 - Applying the Concepts 2. During major floods, only...Ch. 19 - Consider the following list of groups: (1)...
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- The traditional organization of the animal family tree of classification is based mostly ona. DNA sequences.b. protein structure.c. conserved anatomical characteristics.d. ribosome structure.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true regarding the way we define clades with characters? Select one: a. Autapomorphies are good characters to use because they describe every lineage of the clade and no other lineages b. Plesiomorphies are good characters to use because they describe every lineage of the clade and no other lineages c. Synapomorphies are good characters to use because they describe every lineage of the clade and no other lineages Please give me the correct answer quickly I will give you upvotearrow_forwardYou are photojournalist in a science magazine. For its next issue, you have been assigned to feature the difference between 3- Domain Scheme from 5-Kingdom Scheme of classification of living things. Using your knowledge and concept of taxonomy. a. the 3-domain scheme, description of each and sample organisms;b. the 5-kingdom scheme, description of each and sample organisms; andc. includes the technologies used as basis in the shifting of the classification from the kingdom scheme to domain scheme.arrow_forward
- A branch points on a phylogenetic tree is where scientists that study systematics place a groups organisms that share the formation of a new character. b organisms that have not yet diverged. c the emergence of a new genus. d the root of a phylogeny.arrow_forwardPhylogeny refers to the evolutionary descent of taxa. It refers to the relationship between ancestors and descendants and relationships among descendant taxa. It shows the lineage of taxa which can be summarized in a branching diagram called a phylogenetic tree.1. Express some basic evolutionary relationships among groups of microorganisms, plants, and animals; 2. Illustrate the relationship of organisms with their environment; and 3. Analyze environmental factors contributing to biodiversity richness and lossarrow_forwardIn taxonomy, what traits have been used to classify species? Select all that apply. A. Differences in DNA sequences B. Anatomical features C. Geographic distributions D. Differences in atomic structurearrow_forward
- Which of the following is TRUE about a phylogenetic tree? It provides a drawing the reflects the proven relationships between living and extinct species. b It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between extinct species. c It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between living and extinct species. d It a diagram used by scientists that provides a model of evolutionary relationships without the need for scientific data.arrow_forwardIn a phylogenetic tree, Species 1 and 2 are distantly related to one another but are both darkly pigmented. Species 3 which is unpigmented is a sister taxon to Species 2. The common ancestor to all three species is darkly pigmented; thus, this trait in the phylogeny is considered to be a - A. homoplasy. B. synapomorphy. C. apomorphy. D. symplesiomorphy.arrow_forwardFor novice biologists, taxonomy and phylogenetics are difficult concepts to understand and keep separate. This confusion is made worse because modern taxonomic methods make use of molecular tools. Write an essay that contrasts taxonomy to phylogenetics and explain how both disciplines are important to our understanding of species and evolution. Your essay should include a description of taxonomy and phylogenetics, as well as a detailed explanation about how information is represented in a phylogenetic tree or a cladogram.arrow_forward
- Which of the following describes systematics?a. studies evolutionary relationshipsb. includes taxonomy and classificationc. includes phylogenetic treesd. utilizes fossil, morphological, and molecular datae. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardPlace these Linnaean classifications in order from the most inclusive to the least inclusive. - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Family - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Species - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Kingdom - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Order - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Genus - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Class - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Domain - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.…arrow_forwardAll of the following are true about phylogenies, EXCEPT: a. They are considered an unbiased reconstruction of evolutionary relationships. b. We use them to predict the emergence of traits in the fossil record. c. They are, at best, a hypothesis about the relationships among extant species. d. We use the rule of parsimony to reconstruct evolutionary history.arrow_forward
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