Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The starting material required to synthesize each given compound using aldol reaction is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron deficient species that have positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron rich species that have negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.
Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired electron, which makes it highly chemically reactive.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
A carbon-carbon bond formation occurs by aldol addition and aldol condensation reaction.
An aldol reaction takes place by acid catalysis, and direct dehydration of
A
A chemical reaction that is catalyzed by an base is called base catalyzed reaction.
Aldol reaction is preferred in basic condition over acidic condition as after the aldol condensation, acid catalysis promotes the reaction further.
A carbon–carbon bond formation occurs through aldol condensation reaction.
An aldol reaction take place in a protic solvent with a base.
Dehydration of aldol addition product leads to the formation of conjugated
An aldol addition reaction is reversible, known as retro aldol reaction.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 19 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- The following molecule undergoes an intramolecular reaction in the presence of pyrrolidinium acetate, the protonated form of pyrrolidine. Draw the product of this reaction, assuming that a dehydration reaction takes place.arrow_forwardD) 3) Which of the following reagents will quantitatively convert an enolizable ketone to its enolate salt? A) lithium hydroxide B) pyridine C) methyllithium D) diethylamine E) lithium diisopropylamidearrow_forwardWhat is the structural requirement of the following reactions? 1) Iodoform Reaction 2) Aldol Condensationarrow_forward
- The first steps in the synthesis of azelnidipine, a calcium channel blocker, involves the reaction of β-keto ester A with aldehyde B in the presence of base. What crossed aldol product is formed in this reaction?arrow_forwardThe following intermediate was needed for the synthesis of tamoxifen, a widely used antiestrogen drug for treating estrogen-dependent cancers such as breast and ovarian cancer. Needed for the (A) synthesis of tamoxifen Propose a synthesis for this intermediate from compound A.arrow_forwardIdentify the major aldol condensation product obtained when the following compound is heated in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide.arrow_forward
- • Using aldol or crossed aldol condensation, suggest a synthesis of the following compounds: a b مليمت H3C H3C CH3 H3C ge H Savedarrow_forwardIdentify the reagents necessary to accomplish each of the following transformations.arrow_forwardThe following questions pertain to the esters shown and behavior under conditions of the Claisen condensation.(a) Two of these esters are converted to β-keto esters in good yield on treatment with sodium ethoxide and subsequent acidification of the reaction mixture. Which two are these? Write the structure of the Claisen condensation product of each one. (b) One ester is capable of being converted to a β-keto ester on treatment with sodium ethoxide, but the amount of β-keto ester that can be isolated after acidification of the reaction mixture is quite small. Which ester is this? (c) One ester is incapable of reaction under conditions of the Claisen condensation. Which one? Why?arrow_forward
- What reaction conditions—base, solvent, and temperature—are needed to convert ketone A to either B or C by an intramolecular alkylation reaction?arrow_forwardShow how the following ketones might be synthesized from the indicated acids, usingany necessary reagents.(b) methyl cyclohexyl ketone from cyclohexanecarboxylic acidarrow_forwardPredict the products when each compound undergo Ozonolysis (a) (b) (c) , (d) (e)arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning