Interpretation:
From the given compounds, the four
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron deficient species that has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron-rich species that has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.
Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired electron, which makes it highly chemically reactive.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
A carbon-carbon bond formation occurs by aldol addition and aldol condensation reaction.
Aldol reaction is preferred in basic conditions over acidic conditions as after the aldol condensation, acid catalysis promotes the reaction further.
An aldol reaction takes place by acid catalysis, and direct dehydration of
A
A chemical reaction that is catalyzed by a base is called base catalyzed reaction.
An aldol reaction takes place in a protic solvent with a base.
Dehydration of aldol addition product leads to the formation of conjugated
A reaction between two different carbonyl compounds known as a crossed aldol reaction.
A crossed aldol reaction forms mixture of products by pairing different carbonyl reactants.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
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- 16. Draw the structure of the aldol self-condensation (followed by dehydration) product for each of the following compounds. If a compound does not undergo aldol self-condensation, explain why it does not. a) || CH3CHCH₂CH T CH₂ b)arrow_forwardRank the following compounds in order of increasing reactivity toward nucleophilic attack.arrow_forwardRank the following carbonyl compounds in order of increasing reactivity towards nucleophilesarrow_forward
- What is the major elimination product for the following reaction?arrow_forwardDraw the ALL of the E2 organic product formed when the structure shown below undergoes dehydrohalogenation in alcoholic KOH with heat. Which of the products is formed the most?arrow_forwardRank the following compounds in order of increasing reactivity during an electrophilic substitution reactionarrow_forward
- Draw the major product formed in the reaction of an epoxide with acidic methanol.arrow_forwardDraw the product formed when each dicarbonyl compound undergoes an intramolecular aldol reaction followed by dehydration, when possible.arrow_forwardThe first steps in the synthesis of azelnidipine, a calcium channel blocker, involves the reaction of β-keto ester A with aldehyde B in the presence of base. What crossed aldol product is formed in this reaction?arrow_forward
Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning