Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 19, Problem 12P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The advantage of having an extensive set of thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The chloroplast consists of thylakoids which comprise of sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) whichcombinesto form stacks, known as grana. The granaare interconnected by Stromal lamella. The thylakoid is known o present inArabidopsis thaliana chloroplast.
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Chemiosmosis. ATP synthesis in chloroplasts is usually light dependent; it does not happen in the dark.
When researchers shifted isolated chloroplasts from a low pH solution to a more alkaline (higher pH) solution, ATP synthesis occurred even in the absence of light! This was an experiment used to support the chemiosmosis mechanism of ATP formation in chloroplasts. Why?
What would happen if the isolated chloroplasts were shifted to a lower pH solution?
What would be the results if the above experiments were performed in the presence of light?
If these experiments were performed in mitochondria instead of chloroplasts, what results would we expect?
Modified TRUE or FALSE. Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct. If the statement is false, write the incorrect underlined word/s and indicate the correct word/s to make the statement true.
During photorespiration, Rubisco acts as carboxylase that catalyzes the reaction of RuBP and oxygen to form phosphoglycolate and PGA in the chloroplast.
Modified TRUE or FALSE. Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct. If the statement is false, write the incorrect underlined word/s and indicate the correct word/s to make the statement true
In the process of photosynthesis, the red wavelength is emitted in a process called as phosphorescence.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 19 - Prob. 1PCh. 19 - Prob. 2PCh. 19 - Prob. 3PCh. 19 - Prob. 4PCh. 19 - Prob. 5PCh. 19 - Prob. 6PCh. 19 - Prob. 7PCh. 19 - Prob. 8PCh. 19 - Prob. 9PCh. 19 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 19 - Prob. 11PCh. 19 - Prob. 12PCh. 19 - Prob. 13PCh. 19 - Prob. 14PCh. 19 - Prob. 15PCh. 19 - Prob. 16PCh. 19 - Prob. 17PCh. 19 - Prob. 18PCh. 19 - Prob. 19PCh. 19 - Prob. 20PCh. 19 - Prob. 21PCh. 19 - Prob. 22PCh. 19 - Prob. 23PCh. 19 - Prob. 24PCh. 19 - Prob. 25PCh. 19 - Prob. 26PCh. 19 - Prob. 27PCh. 19 - Prob. 28PCh. 19 - Prob. 29PCh. 19 - Prob. 30PCh. 19 - Prob. 31P
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- Fo-F1 ATPase. The energy for ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi is provided by the downhill transport of protons through the rotary FoF1 ATP synthase (lecture 22). The enzyme has 3 a-b and 12 ‘c’ subunits. The mitochondrion maintains Df=180 mV (negative inside), pHin = 8, pHout=7, [Pi] = 3 mM and ADP is present as well. How much energy is available (from the proton electrochemical gradient) for ATP synthesis under these conditions (in kJ/mol)? What [ATP]/[ADP] ratio will be established at steady-state under these conditions? What would be the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio if the enzyme had only 9 ‘c’ subunits? Remember that full revolution of the crank (gamma subunit) produces 3 ATP.arrow_forwardChemical energy. The diagram below shows a metabolic pathway that occurs in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) ADP + P₁ carbon dioxide (CO₂) 1 X HINEW ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCo) glucose triose phosphate (TP) State two features of metabolic pathways? two key features of metabolic pathways glycerate-3-phosphate (GP) are their -X ADP + P₁ interconnectednearrow_forward40 words or fewer. Explain why we would not survive without primary producers, in particular photosynthetic organisms. Be as complete and specific as possible within the word limit.arrow_forward
- Life requires energy. Describe the basic principles of bioenergetics in an animal cell. How is the flow and transformation of energy different in a photosynthesizing cell? Include the role of ATP and enzymes in your discussion.arrow_forwardFo-F1 ATPase. The energy for ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi is provided by the downhill transport of protons through the rotary FoF1 ATP synthase . The enzyme has 3 alpha-beta and 12 ‘c’ subunits. The mitochondrion maintains change in membrane potential=180 mV (negative inside), pHin = 8, pHout=7, [Pi] = 3 mM and ADP is present as well. . What [ATP]/[ADP] ratio will be established at steady-state under these conditions? What would be the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio if the enzyme had only 9 ‘c’ subunits? full revolution of the crank (gamma subunit) produces 3 ATP.arrow_forwardNo free lunch. Explain why maintaining a high concentration of CO2 CO2 in the bundle-sheath cells of C4C4 plants is an example of active transport. How much ATP is required per CO2CO2 to maintain a high concentration of CO2CO2 in the bundle-sheath cells of C4C4 plants?arrow_forward
- Life requires energy. In a short essay (100–150 words), describe the basic principles of bioenergetics in an animal cell. How is the flow and transformation of energy different in a photosynthesizing cell? Include the role of ATP and enzymes in your discussion.arrow_forwardphotosynthesis. Historical Discovery Process The chemical changes that occur during photosynthesis have been investigated for the past 300 years. The general highlights of these discoveries help us to understand the basic process of photosynthesis. Three centuries ago people wondered where plants came from. They knew that plants grew out of the ground, but how that happened was a complete mystery to them. The first step in answering the question was to plant a small tree in a large pot supported off the ground. They did this so that the soil of the container was separated from the soil of the earth. Only the dirt in the pot was available to the plant. The people cared for the plant during one year. At the end of the year the small tree had gained 100 kg. (The actual data from this experiment have been changed to simplify the discussion.) 1. What do you think the experimenters considered as two possible sources for the substances (matter) that became incorporated into new tree growth?…arrow_forwardQI. Drag and drop into each box in the biological passage the correct answer. The Plant Kingdom is composed of multicellular organisms which are auto-photosynthetic and There are two other groups of organisms which are called traced back Some members are photosynthetic but primarily unicellular. The characteristics of the organisms can be which determines structural changes. For example, the present-day zebras have stripes or lines from the neck to the upper extremities brought about by small change in the pool hence changes are not noticeable. This process of evolution is called natural selection autotrophic protists gene phylogenetically gradualism macroevolution punctuated equilibrium heterotrophicarrow_forward
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