Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 10TYU
Which of the following is not true of natural selection? (a) natural selection acts to preserve favorable traits and eliminate unfavorable traits (b) the offspring of individuals that are better adapted to the environment will make up a larger proportion of the next generation (c) natural selection directs the course of evolution by preserving the traits acquired during an individual’s lifetime (d) natural selection acts on a population’s genetic variability, which arises through mutation (e) natural selection may result in changes in allele frequencies in a population
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One of the lines of evidence that led Darwin to the theory of natural selection was his study of artificial selection. Plant breeders and pigeon breeders select offspring with specific traits in mind beforehand.
a) However, since humans are an integral part of the natural world, do you think that artificial selection might be more appropriately termed “natural selection”? Why?
Unlike natural selection, is not related to an individual’s ability to survive and may result in offspring that are less well adapted to survive in a particular environment.
(a) genetic drift
(b) sexual selection
(c) directional selection
(d) convergent evolution
Natural selection and artificial selection or selective breeding can both cause changes in animals and plants. The difference between the two is that natural selection happens naturally, but selective breeding only occurs when humans intervene. Changes in genetic traits have occurred over generations through both natural selection and selective breeding although the occur through different means. What characterizes only artificial selection? Choose all that apply.
A) chickens that lay larger eggs are favored
B) selection increases the chances of surviving
C) selection make a species stronger and fit for survival
D) selection favors the desired characters in the new organisms
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19.1 - Define what is meant by a populations gene pool.Ch. 19.1 - Distinguish among genotype, phenotype, and allele...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 19.1 - Can the frequencies of all genotypes in a...Ch. 19.1 - INTERPRET DATA In a human population of 1000, 840...Ch. 19.2 - Discuss the significance of the HardyWeinberg...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 19.2 - INTERPRET DATA In a population at genetic...Ch. 19.2 - INTERPRET DATA In a population at genetic...Ch. 19.2 - INTERPRET DATA The genotype frequencies of a...
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 19.3 - Discuss how each of the following...Ch. 19.3 - Distinguish among stabilizing selection,...Ch. 19.3 - Which microevolutionary force leads to adaptive...Ch. 19.3 - Why is mutation important to evolution if it is...Ch. 19.3 - Which microevolutionary forces are most associated...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 19.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 19.4 - How can researchers test the hypothesis that...Ch. 19 - The genetic description of an individual is its...Ch. 19 - In a diploid species, each individual possesses...Ch. 19 - The MN blood group is of interest to population...Ch. 19 - If a populations allele and genotype frequencies...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 19 - The continued presence of the allele that causes...Ch. 19 - According to the HardyWeinberg principle, (a)...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 19 - Mutation (a) leads to adaptive evolutionary change...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is not true of natural...Ch. 19 - If all copies of a given locus have the same...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 19 - EVOLUTION LINK Given that mutations are almost...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 19 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 19 - EVOLUTION LINK Evolution is sometimes...Ch. 19 - INTERPRET DATA The recessive allele that causes...Ch. 19 - PREDICT You study males in populations of a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19TYU
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- Which of the following is true about natural selection? a) It always results in the evolution of new traits b) It always results in the strongest individuals surviving c) It always results in the fittest individuals reproducing d) It always results in the best-adapted individuals survivingarrow_forwardAccording to Darwin’s model of evolution, evolution can only occur if there is some variation present among the individual members of a population. Which statement best describes the source of this variation among members of a species? A) individuals will vary depending on geography and climate B) variation exists because not all genes will be expressed C) variation among individuals may arise as a result of mutations in the genetic code D) variation exists because different individuals will have different access to food and other resourcesarrow_forwardWrite short paragraphs explaining each of the following statements:(a) Natural selection chooses from among the individuals in a populationthose most suited to current environmental conditions. It does not guarantee survival under future conditions.(b) Individuals do not evolve, but populations do.(c) The organisms that exist today do so because their ancestors had traits that allowed them and their offspring to thrive.(d) At the molecular level, evolution can take place by the replacement of one nucleotide by another.(e) Evolution is said to have occurred within a population when measurable genetic changes are detected.arrow_forward
- |(A) Briefly explain the Darwinian theory of natural selection. (B) Darwin also developed the idea of sexual selection. Explain sexual selection. (C) How might sexual selection lead to exaggerated morphology or behavior? (D) and how might natural selection affect the evolution of these exaggerated traits?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a characteristic of natural selection? a) Variation exists among individuals in a population b) Some individuals are better adapted to their environment than others c) Organisms evolve to fit a predetermined goal or plan d) The better-adapted individuals are more likely to survive and reproducearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true for natural selection to occur? a) there should be variation within the population b) individuals with some genotypes have more offspring than individuals with others c) more individuals are born than can survive d) only individuals with favored alleles survive e) variation between individuals should be explained by genetics rather than environmentarrow_forward
- Darwin based his Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection on series of observations. Which of the following is not associated with his theory? a) individuals in a population vary phenotypically b) organisms tend to under-reproduce themselves c) there are limited resources for which individuals compete d) some variations possessed by individuals of a population are inheritedarrow_forwardAccording to Darwin’s model of evolution, evolution can only occur if there is some variation present among the individual members of a population. Which statement best describes the source of this variation among members of a species? A) variation exists because different individuals will have different access to food and other resources B) individuals will vary depending on geography and climate C) variation exists because not all genes will be affected D) variation among individuals may arise as a result of mutations in the genetic codearrow_forwardNatural selection occurs only if there is both (1) variation in the genetic information between organisms in a population and (2) variation in the expression of that genetic information—that is, trait variation—that leads to differences in performance among individuals. What kind of variation might exist in bioluminescing organisms, and what differences in performance might result? (Remember, evolution is a consequence of the interaction of four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for an environment’s limited supply of the resources that individuals need in order to survive and reproduce, and (4) the ensuing proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in that environment.)arrow_forward
- Do you think the human race is continuing to evolve in a Darwinian, genetic sense? Are the genes of our species changing? Do not just write "yes" or "no," but explain why you think so. In addition, include in your explanation of how the mechanisms of evolution, such as natural selection, would be at play.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is most accurate? a) Humans evolved from chimpanzees. O b) If allele frequencies change across generations in a population, natural selection must be the cause. c) An individual evolves in response to a change in environment. d) Mutation is the ultimate source of new alleles, but the fate of such mutations depends in part on how they impact fitness. e) All traits are adaptations, although for some we haven't yet figured out what they are adaptations for.arrow_forwardTrue or False a.) Evolution creates genetic variation in a population. b.) Fitness refers to an allele's ability to help the organism evade predators. c.) The process of natural selection may increase or decrease the frequency of a particular allele in the population depending on the environment. d.) A potato species acquires a mutation in its catalasegene that allows it to function in very cold environments. However, this catalaseis denatured at room temperature. This is a good example of fitness cost.arrow_forward
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