Principles of General, Organic, Biological Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780073511191
Author: Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 18.4, Problem 18.9P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
All reaction of glycolysis process that utilizes kinases has to be determined. Also, species that are phosphorylated in these reactions have to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Enzymes are proteins that serve as biological catalysts for biochemical reactions in organisms. They can enhance
(1) Hydrolase: Enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis reaction. They can be subdivided into lipase that hydrolyzes ester bond in lipids and proteases that hydrolyze proteins.
(2) Dehydrogenase: Enzyme that catalyzes dehydrogenation reaction.
(3) Oxidases: Enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions.
(4) Kinase: Enzymes that catalyze transference of phosphate groups.
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Kinases are enzymes that catalyze the addition (or removal) of a phosphate group to ( or from) a substance. ATP is also involved. How many kinases are in glycolysis? Name them.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Principles of General, Organic, Biological Chemistry
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.1PCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.2PCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.3PCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.4PCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.5PCh. 18.3 - What makes riboflavin a water-soluble vitamin?Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 18.7PCh. 18.4 - Identify the type of carbonyl groups present in...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.9PCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.10P
Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 18.11PCh. 18.5 - (a) In what way(s) is the conversion of pyruvate...Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 18.15PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.31UKCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.32UKCCh. 18 - When a substrate is oxidized, is NAD+ oxidized or...Ch. 18 - When a substrate is reduced, is FADH2 oxidized or...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.35UKCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.36UKCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.39UKCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.40UKCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.41UKCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.42UKCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.45APCh. 18 - What is the difference between metabolism and...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.47APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.48APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.49APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.50APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.51APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.52APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.53APCh. 18 - Classify each substance as an oxidizing agent, a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.55APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.56APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.58APCh. 18 - What is the role of each of the following in the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.71APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.72AP
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- Anaerobic glycolysis (i.e., lactic acid fermentation) produces pyruvate that is then converted to lactate through the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate would seem to be an unnecessary step, since this process does not result in any further release of energy. Explain the necessity for the production of lactate as the endpoint for anaerobic glycolysis.arrow_forwardThe rate-limiting step is a metabolic pathway is the slowest step which determines the overall rate of the other reactions in the pathway. In glycolysis, the rate limiting step is a phosphorylation reaction where phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) catalyzes the reaction fructose-6-bisphosphate -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the same step in gluconeogenesis. Select one: The statement is FALSE. The statement is TRUE.arrow_forwardTPP is a coenzyme for transketolase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a ketopentose (xylulose5-phosphate) and an aldopentose (ribose-5-phosphate) to an aldotriose (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) and a ketoheptose (sedoheptulose-7-phosphate). Notice that the total number of carbons in the reactants and products is the same (5 + 5 = 3 + 7). Propose a mechanism for this reaction.arrow_forward
- ATP Synthase in plants has the same basic structure and function as the ATP Synthase in humans. O True O Falsearrow_forwardThe enzyme that catalyzes reaction below can be classified as: NAD* NADH + H* Но- H-Ć- Н—с—н H- malate dehydrogenase Oxaloacetate Malatearrow_forwardWhat is the function of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase?arrow_forward
- What is the function of the enzyme cytochrome oxidase?arrow_forwardWhen the following reaction reached equilibrium the concentration of glucose 1-phosphate is 34mM, and the concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is 190mM. At standard temperatures and pressure, calculate the Keq and the ΔGo' glucose 6-phosphate <---(phosphoglucoisomerase)---> glucose 1-phosphate Keq= ΔGo' =arrow_forwardWhat subclass of enzyme catalyses the transfer of phosphate to a substrate?arrow_forward
- All of the following enzymes regulate glycolysis except? Phosphofructokinase Phosphoglycerate kinase Hexokinase Pyruvate kinase Question 6 ( Which of the following enzymes is regulated by the concentration of glucose 6-phosphate? Hexokinase Phosphoglycerate kinase Pyruvate kinase Phosphofructokinasearrow_forwardWhich enzyme is involved in the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate? a. enolase b. ketolase c. pyruvate kinase d. pyruvate oxidasearrow_forwardWhy is the conversion of lactic acid from the blood into glucose in the liver in an organism’s best interest?arrow_forward
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