Chapter 18.3, Problem 18SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason why the equilibrium position of the reaction $\text{C}\left(\text{s}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{g}\right)+\text{heat}\rightleftharpoons \text{CO}\left(\text{g}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)$ is affected by lowering the temperature is to be stated.

Concept Introduction: Le Chatelier’s principle states that if stress is applied to a system that is in dynamic equilibrium then the system changes in a way that relieves the stress.

Answer to Problem 18SP

The equilibrium position shifts towards the left side.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is;

  $\text{C}\left(\text{s}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{g}\right)+\text{heat}\rightleftharpoons \text{CO}\left(\text{g}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)$

The equilibrium position will shift to the left side that is towards the reactant side by lowering the temperature in order to reduce the stress.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason why the equilibrium position of the reaction $\text{C}\left(\text{s}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{g}\right)+\text{heat}\rightleftharpoons \text{CO}\left(\text{g}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)$ is affected by increasing the pressure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction: Le Chatelier’s principle states that if stress is applied to a system that is in dynamic equilibrium then the system changes in a way that relieves the stress.

Answer to Problem 18SP

No effect.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is;

  $\text{C}\left(\text{s}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{g}\right)+\text{heat}\rightleftharpoons \text{CO}\left(\text{g}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)$

There is no effect of increasing the pressure on the above-given reaction as there is the same number of molecules on both sides of the reaction.