Chapter 18, Problem 114A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration of $\text{Ge}$ and its electron dot structure is to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: The electron configuration of an element defines how its atomic orbitals are filled with electrons. Electron dot structures represent valence electrons as dots surrounding the symbol for the element.

Answer to Problem 114A

The electronic configuration of $\text{Ge}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^2$ .

The electron dot structure is shown below.

  

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of $\text{Ge}$ (germanium) is $32$ .

The electronic configuration of $\text{Ge}$ is as follows:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^2$

The number of valence electrons of $\text{Ge}$ is $4$ .

The electron dot structure is shown below.

  

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration of $\text{Ca}$ and its electron dot structure is to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: The electron configuration of an element defines how its atomic orbitals are filled with electrons. Electron dot structures represent valence electrons as dots surrounding the symbol for the element.

Answer to Problem 114A

The electronic configuration of $\text{Ca}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^2$ .

The electron dot structure is shown below.

  

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of $\text{Ca}$ (Calcium) is $20$ .

The electronic configuration of $\text{Ca}$ is as follows:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^2$

The number of valence electrons of $\text{Ca}$ is $2$ .

The electron dot structure is shown below.

  

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration of $\text{O}$ and its electron dot structure is to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: The electron configuration of an element defines how its atomic orbitals are filled with electrons. Electron dot structures represent valence electrons as dots surrounding the symbol for the element.

Answer to Problem 114A

The electronic configuration of $\text{O}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^4$ .

The electron dot structure is shown below.

  

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of $\text{O}$ (oxygen) is $8$ .

The electronic configuration of $\text{O}$ is as follows:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^4$

The number of valence electrons of $\text{O}$ is $6$ .

The electron dot structure is shown below.

  

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration of $\text{Ar}$ and its electron dot structure is to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: The electron configuration of an element defines how its atomic orbitals are filled with electrons. Electron dot structures represent valence electrons as dots surrounding the symbol for the element.

Answer to Problem 114A

The electronic configuration of $\text{Ar}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{4}3s^{2}3p^6$ .

The electron dot structure is shown below.

  

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of $\text{Ar}$ (argon) is $18$ .

The electronic configuration of $\text{Ar}$ is as follows:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{4}3s^{2}3p^6$

The number of valence electrons of $\text{Ar}$ is $8$ .

The electron dot structure is shown below.

  

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration of $\text{Cl}$ and its electron dot structure is to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: The electron configuration of an element defines how its atomic orbitals are filled with electrons. Electron dot structures represent valence electrons as dots surrounding the symbol for the element.

Answer to Problem 114A

The electronic configuration of $\text{Cl}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{4}3s^{2}3p^5$ .

The electron dot structure is shown below.

  

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of $\text{Cl}$ (Chlorine) is $17$ .

The electronic configuration of $\text{Cl}$ is as follows:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{4}3s^{2}3p^5$

The number of valence electrons of $\text{Cl}$ is $7$ .

The electron dot structure is shown below.

  

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration of $\text{P}$ and its electron dot structure is to be drawn.

Concept Introduction: The electron configuration of an element defines how its atomic orbitals are filled with electrons. Electron dot structures represent valence electrons as dots surrounding the symbol for the element.

Answer to Problem 114A

The electronic configuration of $\text{P}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{4}3s^{2}3p^3$ .

The electron dot structure is shown below.

  

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of $\text{P}$ (Phosphorous) is $15$ .

The electronic configuration of $\text{P}$ is as follows:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{4}3s^{2}3p^3$

The number of valence electrons of $\text{P}$ is $5$ .

The electron dot structure is shown below.