Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134168296
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 5FTB
Early plants that protected their seeds within cones are called ________. These relied on to carry their pollen. Later, some plants evolved _______, which attracted animals, particularly ________ that carried their pollen. Animal pollination is much more _______ than wind pollination.
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A fruit farm collected information on the fruit formed by three types of
pollination on their farm over one year. The resulting data is shown in the graphs.
Fruit pollination đdata
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1.8
2.5
1.6-
2.0
1.5
1.4
250
1.2-
200
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0.4
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artificial pollination
open pollination (bees, other
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pollination by bees only
After considering the data in the graphs and other factors, the decision was made
to use 100% artificial pollination on the farm.
Justify this decision in relation to the data provided and your understanding of
artificial pollination.
number of seeds per fruit
fruit mass (g)
average diameter (cm)
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In your own words - grasses are flowering plants but many do not have colorful flowers. What mechanism do they use to spread their pollen
Plants can reproduce _______A_______ or sexually. An example of the first type is _____B________. This type of reproduction ____C______ increase genetic diversity of the plant. The main benefit to humans of this method of plant propagation is _____D______.
Make sure you fill in all of the answers!
Question 16 options:
does not
vegitatively
does
a supply of genetically identical plants for consumption and sale
adventitious roots
1.
A
2.
B
3.
C
4.
D
5.
None of the above
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
Ch. 18 - 1. Almost all of the oxygen gas in today’s...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - 3. In the endosymbiotic origin of the...Ch. 18 - 4. Which of the following does not list...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - 1. Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - 2. The molecule ________ became a candidate for...Ch. 18 - 3. Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - 4. The sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - 5. Early plants that protected their seeds within...
Ch. 18 - Prob. 6FTBCh. 18 - Amphibians gave rise to ____________, which had...Ch. 18 - 1. What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2RQCh. 18 - 3. Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the...Ch. 18 - 4. Name two advantages of multicellularity for...Ch. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - 6. Outline the major adaptations that emerged...Ch. 18 - Outline the evolution of humans from early...Ch. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...
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- Name four major ways human societies rely on seed plants.arrow_forwardWhat adaptation do seed plants have in addition to the seed that is not found in seedless plants? a. gametophytes b. vascular tissue c. pollen d. chlorophyllarrow_forwardWhich statement about wind-pollinated plants is correct? Their stamens and stigmas are inside the flower and, compared to insect-pollinated plants, they have large petals Their stamens and stigmas are outside the flower and, compared to insect-pollinated plants, they have small petals Their stamens and stigmas are outside the flower and, compared to insect-pollinated plants, they have large petalsarrow_forward
- Use the picture to fill in the blanks in the following sentence. This picture of a fern exhibits the _[X]__ generation which is the dominant generation. If you were to turn over the fronds you would see the reproductive structures known as [Y]arrow_forwardPollination is a key aspect of plant reproduction. Compare and contrast wind pollination and animal pollination, and explain one specific benefit that animal pollination offers over wind pollination.”arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of the fruit we (and other animals) eat, from the plant's perspective? Group of answer choices To create something attractive to pollinators. To create a food item that ensures humans will continue to farm them. To bring in more than one type of pollinator. To entice us to eat the seeds contained inside the fruit, and thus disperse the seeds.arrow_forward
- How many extant flowering plants (angiosperms) receive pollination services from animals? 1/3 1/2 3/4 1/4arrow_forwardDoes apomixis require fertilization and pollination? Give reasons in support of your answer.arrow_forwardWhich statement about flowering plants is correct? The stamen is the female part of the flower and comprises the filament and anther The stamen is the male part of the flower and comprises the filament and anther The carpel is the female part of the flower and comprises the ovary and filamentarrow_forward
- Some plants in wetter climates release certain chemicals in response to leaf consumption by insects. These chemicals may either repel the leaf-eaters and/or attract other insects that will consume the leaf-eaters. A researcher was interested in whether desert plants emitted the same types of compounds. Desert plants have different kinds of leaves compared to plants from less arid areas. The researcher harvested Coville’s lip fern (Cheilanthes covillei) from deserts in Utah to bring into a greenhouse. The plants were 12 – 15 cm (5 – 6 in) tall. Each plant was placed in a separate pot, and there were 40 pots in all. Each pot was assigned to one of four “leaf eater” treatments: a control (i.e., no insects); 5 hornworms; 5 leaf bugs; or 5 flea beetles. Then the researcher measured the emission rate of a particular repelling compound from each plant once every hour for a total of 8 hours (8:00 am – 4:00 pm). Based on this scenario, please answer the following questions: a) What is the…arrow_forwardSeedless vascular plants must reproduce when conditions are wet because their sperm must_______________ . Two adaptations that allow seed plants to reproduce more efficiently on dry land are_________ and_________ . The seed plants fall into two major categories: the nonflowering_______________ and the flowering_________ . Flowers were favored by natural selection because they__________ . Fruits were favored by natural selection because they_____________ .arrow_forwardOne of the most striking examples of coevolution is between insects and flowers. The earliest angiosperms produced large amounts of pollen on flowers that were wind-pollinated. The ovules were partially exposed and exuded tiny droplets of sugary sap to catch passing pollen. Outline a course of events that could have resulted in the coevolution we observe today between a flower and its pollinator.arrow_forward
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