Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134168296
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 3MC
In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion, the host cell benefited from the engulfed cell’s ability to _________; in the endosymbiotic origin of the chloroplast, the host cell benefited from the engulfed cell’s ability to _____.
detoxify waste material; produce toxins that deterred predators
use aerobic respiration to produce ATP; use photosynthesis to produce sugar
use photosynthesis to generate oxygen; provide a shield against UV radiation
move rapidly using flagella; form a cell nucleus
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Which of the sentences below does not describe an autotroph?
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wheat that is used to make flour for bread
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a cardinal that feeds on a sunflower
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photosynthetic algae growing on the surface of a lake
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bacteria that perform chemosynthesis
The term "dominant generation" refers to:
two diploid life stages alternating with each other, one of which is long-lived and cabaple of photosynthesis
one multicellular life stage alternating with one unicellular life stage that is large and photosynthetic
two multicellular life stages alternating with each other
one multicellular stage that is long-lived and capable of photosynthesis
In endosymbiotic theory, host cells were believed to have ingested
smaller individual photosynthetic organisms through pinocytosis
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
Ch. 18 - 1. Almost all of the oxygen gas in today’s...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - 3. In the endosymbiotic origin of the...Ch. 18 - 4. Which of the following does not list...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - 1. Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - 2. The molecule ________ became a candidate for...Ch. 18 - 3. Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - 4. The sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - 5. Early plants that protected their seeds within...
Ch. 18 - Prob. 6FTBCh. 18 - Amphibians gave rise to ____________, which had...Ch. 18 - 1. What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2RQCh. 18 - 3. Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the...Ch. 18 - 4. Name two advantages of multicellularity for...Ch. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - 6. Outline the major adaptations that emerged...Ch. 18 - Outline the evolution of humans from early...Ch. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...
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- Around the time Eukaryotic Cells began to compartmentalize their reactions, and the chloroplast and mitochondria evolved, the atmosphere went through a shift in composition. A new deadly gas became more and more prominent, which likely caused a mass extinction for those organisms that couldn't adapt to its toxicity. The gas was: Nitrogen Sulfuric Acid Oxygen Methanearrow_forwardIdentify the organism that is not an autotroph. photosynthetic bacteria earthworms plants phytoplanktonarrow_forwardAn endosymbiont is any organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism. Each would have performed mutually benefiting functions from their symbirie relationship. Why are the mitochondria considered an endosybiont in an eukaryotic cell ? They have two membranes have DNA sequences that indicate origin from the alpha- prroteobacteria has a means for using oxygen and create ATP can break down glucose for energy O They contain hydrolytic enzymesarrow_forward
- The ancestor of the chloroplasts found in green algae was most likely; A free living photosynthetic bacteria A free living brown algae A cell from a land plant A free living red algaearrow_forwardA scientist claims that the presence of aquaporins in chloroplast membranes supports the endosymbiotic theory. Support the claim with evidence from biological concepts.arrow_forwardThe origin of the photosynthetic eukaryote took place when a engulfed by a later eukaryote with mitochondria. later eukaryote with mitochondria early eukaryote with chitin later prokaryote with chloroplasts early prokaryote with ribosomes wasarrow_forward
- Which of the following provide evidence for an endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts? Choose all the correct statements. Group of answer choices They are about the same size as free-living cyanobacteria and alpha proteobacteria. The nuclear membrane of eukaryotes is similar to the archaean cell membrane. Organelle genes are often more similar to bacterial genes than those of their eukaryotic host. These organelles have their own circular genomic DNA.arrow_forwardYeasts are a type of fungi. As heterotrophs, yeasts obtain energy by consuming organic substances, whereas autotrophs like plants produce their own energy through photosynthesis. How does this distinction affect the way yeasts obtain energy? Yeasts produce energy through photosynthesis. Yeasts acquire energy by consuming organisms different from themselves Yeasts break down organic substances for energy. Yeasts produce energy by consuming light.arrow_forwardPhotosynthesis carried out by one group of ________ resulted in Earths first increase in atmospheric oxygen levels. a. archaea c. protists b. bacteria d. algaearrow_forward
- Mitochondria most likely evolved from_______. a. a photosynthetic cyanobacterium b. cytoskeletal elements c. aerobic bacteria d. membrane proliferationarrow_forwardIn cyanobacteria, nitrogen fixation takes places in specialized cells called heterocysts nitrospores Othylakoids Ochloroplastsarrow_forwardPhotosynthetic organisms are called either_______or_______ . The energy that these store and makeavailable to other organisms is called________ .arrow_forward
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