Organic Chemistry, Loose-leaf Version
Organic Chemistry, Loose-leaf Version
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305865549
Author: William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.62P
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A reaction roadmap have to be made for the reactions in the study Guide section of problems 15.19, 16.72 and 17.45.

Concept Introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Addition of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones: Aldehyde reacts with alcohol to form Hemiacetals or acetals.

Example: the reaction of methanol with ethanol to form hemiacetals or acetals.

Organic Chemistry, Loose-leaf Version, Chapter 18, Problem 18.62P , additional homework tip  1

Unsaturated compound: The nucleophile reacts with α, β- unsaturated aldehyde or ketones forming either direct addition product or conjugate addition product. When the nucleophile is a weak base conjugate addition product predominates.

The alkylation at the β carbon of ketone or aldehyde is done by the following mechanism;

(1) Alkylating the β carbon via enamine intermediate.

(2) Alkylating the β carbon via a Michael reaction.

Acetals: Acetals are used to protect the ketone and aldehyde (carbonyl group).

In this reaction acetone is protected as acetal by using ethylene glycol. Acetals are less stable compound.

Organic Chemistry, Loose-leaf Version, Chapter 18, Problem 18.62P , additional homework tip  2

A hemiacetal or a hemiketal: addition of alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone which produce hemi acetal.

Organic Chemistry, Loose-leaf Version, Chapter 18, Problem 18.62P , additional homework tip  3

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Organic Chemistry, Loose-leaf Version, Chapter 18, Problem 18.62P , additional homework tip  4

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Chapter 18 Solutions

Organic Chemistry, Loose-leaf Version

Ch. 18.8 - The following sequence of steps is used to create...Ch. 18.9 - Prob. 18.8PCh. 18.9 - Prob. 18.9PCh. 18.10 - Prob. 18.10PCh. 18.10 - Show how to convert (R)-2-phenylpropanoic acid to...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.12PCh. 18 - Write the IUPAC name for each compound. (a)...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.14PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.15PCh. 18 - Propose a structural formula for compound A,...Ch. 18 - Propose a structural formula for compound B,...Ch. 18 - Propose a structural formula for each compound...Ch. 18 - Draw a structural formula for the principal...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.20PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.21PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.22PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.23PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.24PCh. 18 - Show the product expected when the following...Ch. 18 - The reagent diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBALH)...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.27PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.28PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.29PCh. 18 - Nicotinic acid, more commonly named niacin, is one...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.31PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.32PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.33PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.34PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.35PCh. 18 - Isoniazid, a drug used to treat tuberculosis, is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.37PCh. 18 - A step in a synthesis of PGE1 (prostaglandin E1,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.39PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.40PCh. 18 - Show how to synthesize 5-nonanone from...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.42PCh. 18 - The following sequence of steps converts...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.44PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.45PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.46PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.47PCh. 18 - Following is a retrosynthetic analysis for the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.50PCh. 18 - Given this retrosynthetic analysis, propose a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.52PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.53PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.54PCh. 18 - In Problem 7.28, we saw this step in Johnsons...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.56PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.57PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.58PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.59PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.60PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.61PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.62PCh. 18 - Using your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how...Ch. 18 - Using your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how...Ch. 18 - Using your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how...Ch. 18 - Using your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how...Ch. 18 - Minoxidil is a molecule that causes hair growth in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.69PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.70PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.71P
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